MICROSCOPE Flashcards
The most important tool ever invented for biologist
Microscope
The first simple microscopes
Magnifying glasses
made over 250
different kinds of simple microscopes to look at different things
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
uses two lenses to magnify the image
Compund Microscope
usually magnifies about 10 times (10x)
Eyepiece/Ocular Lens
the other lens, the one closest to the object being viewed
Objective
The first compound microscope was invented by two Dutch lensmakers,
Janssen brothers
usually have more than one objective mounted on a revolving nosepiece that the objectives can be
changed
Modern Compound Microscope
magnifies 4X
Low-power objective
magnifies 10X
Medium-power objective
magnifies 40X
High-power objective
multiplying the ocular lens (10X) times the the objective lens being used at the time
Total magniification
the apparent increase in an object’s size when view through the lens, is limited
Magnification
2 major types of compound microscopes
Scanning electron microscope & Transmission electron
microscope
magnifies less but gives a 3-dimensional image of the object viewed
Scanning electron microscope
magnifies less but gives a 2-dimensional image of the object viewed
Transmission electron microscope
To magnify or enlarge the image of tiny
objects.
Microscope
uses light as a source
of energy for viewing objects.
Light microscope
A
compound microscope
with a single eyepiece.
Monocular Microscope
- A
microscope with a head that has
two eyepiece lenses. - refer to
compound or high power
microscopes where the two
eyepieces view through a single
objective lens.
Binocular Microscope
A
microscope with a
built in digital
camera that enables
direct feed to a PC,
TV or printer.
Digital Microscope
- A
type of microscope that uses
electrons rather than light to
create an image of the target. - It has much higher
magnification or resolving
power than a normal light
microscope, up to two
million times, allowing it to
see smaller objects and
details.
Electron Microscope
- A
low power microscope
or dissecting
microscope with a
separate eyepiece and
objective lens for each
eye. - These separate optical
channels enable stereo
or three-dimensional
images of the specimen.
Stereo Microscope
can be used to view
living and motile
microorganisms.
Dark Field and Phase Contrast Microscope
the power of the microscope
to show detail clearly
Resolution
consists of metal controls
and devices
Mechanical Parts
consists of glass lenses
Optical Parts
It is a U-shaped
structure and
supports the entire
weight of the
compound
microscope.
Foot/Base
It is a joint, wherein
the arm is fastened to
the compound
microscope’s pillar.
Inclination Joint
The entire microscope
is handled by a strong
and curved structure.
Arm
It is a** vertical
projection**. This
stands by resting on
the base and supports
the stage.
Pillar
- The flat and rectangular
plate that is connected to
the arm’s lower end -
The specimen is placed on
or studying and
examining the various
features.
Stage
is the hole in the
stage through which the
base (transmitted) light
reaches the stage.
Aperture
helps to hold the slide in place
Stage Clip
- A wheel or lever fastened
below the stage. - It controls and adjusts the
intensity of light that passes
into the microscope. The
diaphragm can be of two
Diaphragm
2 types of Diaphragm
- Disc Diaphragm
- Iris Diaphragm
- is used to collect and
focus the light from
the illuminator on to
the specimen. - It is located under the
stage often in
conjunction with an
iris diaphragm.
Condenser
- the upper part of the arm
of the microscope
comprises a hollow and
tubular structure - can be shifted down and up using the adjustment knobs
Body Tube
- Holds the objective
lenses - Rotates to enable
magnification - Located at the bottom
of the body tube
Revolving Nosepiece/Turret
-
Raises and lowers the
stage or objective lenses
a small distance for exact
focusing
** Used when focusing** the
medium power (10x)
and high power (40x)
objective lenses
Fine Adjustment Knob
- A large knob that raises
and lowers the stage - Used for moving the body
tube down and up for
bringing the object to be
examined under exact
focus. - Used only when focusing
the low power (4x)
objective lens
Coarse Adjustment Knob
- Also known as the ocular
- On the rim of the eyepiece,
there are certain markings
such as 5X, 10X, 15X, etc.
Which indicates the
magnification power. - Most compound
microscope has 10X ocular
magnification.
Eyepiece
- Provides light
necessary for viewing
the specimen. - Sends light through
the stage opening to
the diaphragm. - It consists of a
concave mirror on one
side and a plain mirror
on the other side.
Mirror
- Used in combination
with the eyepiece to
provide a range of
magnification - Magnification ranges
from 4x to 100x - Located on the
nosepiece at the bottom
of the body tube
Objective Lenses
contain lenses that contribute to total magnification
Objectives
calculate total magnification
Magnification formula
ocular power x objective power
total magnification
provides the lowest magnification
power of all objective lenses.
Scanning Objective Lens
has more
magnification power than the
scanning objective lens, and it is
one of the most helpful lenses
when it comes to observing and
analyzing glass slide samples.
Low Power Objective (10x)
is ideal for observing fine
details within a specimen sample.
High Power Objective (40x)
- provides the most powerful
magnification, with a total of
1000x when combined with a
10x eyepiece
Oil Immersion Objective (100x)
- A thin flat piece of glass
used to hold objects for
examination under the
microscope.
Microscope Glass Slides
