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Microprocessor Fundamentals > Microprocessor Fundamentals Test 1 Review > Flashcards

Microprocessor Fundamentals Test 1 Review Flashcards

1
Q

How many bits are there in a byte?

A

8

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2
Q

What is half a byte called?

A

a “nibble”

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3
Q

What invention replaced the vaccuum tube?

A

Transistors

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4
Q

What year was the Internet (“communication between computers”) established?

A

1969

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5
Q

What is a digital die?

A

A die is an individual microchip

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6
Q

What was the first Intel microprocessor, and what year was it developed?

A

4004; 1971

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7
Q

When was the first computer built?

A

1937

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8
Q

Which chip was the first Multiprocessor?

A

Pentium

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9
Q

What is “cache”?

A

RAM that is much closer to the processor, and therefore, much faster

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10
Q

Their main purpose is to store a number temporarily

A

Data registers

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11
Q

Machine language —-> ______ __ ______ —–> Assembly language

A

Hexcode and ASCII

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12
Q

What does ASCII stand for?

A

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

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13
Q

Where do programs run?

A

They run in conventional memory / DOS memory

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14
Q

DOS stands for

A

disk operating system

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15
Q

What is another word for conventional memory?

A

“base” memory

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16
Q

What exactly is “conventional memory”?

A

All memory below 640kb; it is reserved for RAM on the motherboard, which is why programs run here.

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17
Q

The Upper Memory Area (UMA) is reserved for……

A

System use and optional devices and other memory-mapped input and output devices

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18
Q

This is used to run the computer/device drives in upper memory

A

BIOS

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19
Q

In assembly language, where is the display/monitor located?

A

In the B register

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20
Q

All assembly language relies on _____

A

DOS

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21
Q

Why are the smaller programs of assembly language so valuable?

A
  1. Computations can be performed faster.

2. There’s a lower probability for error overall.

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22
Q

What is the main difference between COM files and .exe / executable files?

A

COM files are within a 64k scale, rather than the 1MB scale of executable files

23
Q

The method of providing a top coat seal to keep the system within the microchip from rotting is called _______.

A

passivation

24
Q

How many bits is the ASCII code?

A

7 bits

25
Q

source code gives _______

A

directives.

26
Q

What is the use of Org 100H in assembly language, and why is it important?

A

It sets the current address during assembly to be 100h, giving it an “origin” to the data. Because COM files have segment with a maximum of 64kb,

27
Q

In assembly language, what is one of the most important operators?

A

Colon; they denote labels

28
Q

What does Binary Decimal Code do?

A

It takes each digit and expands it to 4 bits

29
Q

What was one of the ASCII’s most important tenets?

A

That a number is equal to a character

30
Q

8 bits / 1 byte can produce how many values?

A

256 total, including “0”.

31
Q

The original IBM PC used an 8088 microprocessor with a 8 bit data bus. This was done for what reason?

A

To drive down the price and make it (comparatively more) accessible.

32
Q

Which generation of processors had a 32 data bus?

A

.

33
Q

Who was Intel’s rival?

A

AMD

34
Q

What does superscalar mean?

A

.

35
Q

Define a D flip-flop and its significance?

A

.

36
Q

Which processor did clock multiplying?

A

.

37
Q

What is clock multiplying and why is it important?

A

.

38
Q

What is the difference between dynamic RAM and static RAM?

A

Dynamic RAM has to be constantly refreshed in order to maintain its data, static RAM does not.

39
Q

What processor generation introduced protected mode?

A

286

40
Q

What are the 2 paths of hardware optimization?

A

.

41
Q

What is the formula/relationship between volts, milliAmps, and watts?

A

.

42
Q

Define “bloat code”?

A

.

43
Q

In dynamic execution, all pipelines allow for ______.

A

floating points

44
Q

What are the key differences between N MOS and C MOS?

A

.

45
Q

What is the minimum operating frequency?

A

.

46
Q

Define single in-line Memory Modules (SIMMs) and their significance.

A

.

47
Q

What made the pin grade array (PGA) package so special?

A

.

48
Q

What is the difference between real mode, protected mode, and virtual real mode?

A

.

49
Q

What is the purpose of a numerical coprocessor chip?

A

It can ____ more instructions in a smaller clock cycle.

50
Q

Floating Point Processors or Floating Point Units are synonyms for _______ _________ _____.

A

Numerical Coprocessor Chips

51
Q

What is the difference between a RISC set computer and a CISC computer system?

A

.

52
Q

Dynamic execution makes use of 3 things. What are they?

A
  1. Multiple brand prediction.
  2. Data flow analysis.
  3. Speculative execution.
53
Q

What’s essentially happening in a cache miss?

A

.

54
Q

Data has to be here before being moved to a data segment register.

A

General purpose register.

Microprocessor Fundamentals (5 decks)

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