Microplastics found in human heart for first time

Question 1

collect [smth., be collected]

Answer 1

If you collect a number of things, you bring them together from several places or from several people.

Two young girls were collecting firewood. [VERB noun]
1.5 million signatures have been collected. [be VERB-ed]

Question 2

undergo [smth.]

undergo, underwent, undergone

Answer 2

If you undergo something necessary or unpleasant, it happens to you.

New recruits have been undergoing training in recent weeks. [VERB noun]
He underwent an agonising 48-hour wait for the results of tests. [VERB noun]

Question 3

analyse [smth.]

Answer 3

If you analyse something, you examine it using scientific methods in order to find out what it consists of.

We haven’t had time to analyse those samples yet. [VERB noun]
They had their tablets analysed to find out whether they were getting the real drug or not. [have noun VERB-ed]

Question 4

include [smth.]

Answer 4

If one thing includes another thing, it has the other thing as one of its parts.

A good British breakfast always includes sausages. [VERB noun]
The trip has been extended to include a few other events. [VERB noun]
The list includes many British internationals. [VERB noun]

Question 5

use [in smth., as smth.]

Answer 5

If you use something, you do something with it in order to do a job or to achieve a particular result or effect.

Trim off the excess pastry using a sharp knife. [VERB noun]
He had simply used a little imagination. [VERB noun]
Officials used loudhailers to call for calm. [VERB noun to-infinitive]
The show uses Zondo’s trial and execution as its framework. [VERB noun preposition]

Question 6

report

Answer 6

If you report something that has happened, you tell people about it.

They had been called in to clear drains after local people reported a foul smell. [VERB noun]
I reported the theft to the police. [VERB noun + to]
The RSPCA reported that 10,610 cats were abandoned last year. [VERB that]
‘He seems to be all right now,’ reported a relieved Taylor. [VERB with quote]
The foreign secretary is reported as saying that force will have to be used if diplomacy fails. [be VERB-ed + as]
She reported him missing the next day. [VERB noun adjective]
Between forty and fifty people are reported to have died in the fighting. [be VERB-ed to-infinitive]

Question 7

release [smth., into smth.]

Answer 7

If something releases gas, heat, or a substance, it causes it to leave its container or the substance that it was part of and enter the surrounding atmosphere or area.

…a weapon which releases toxic nerve gas. [VERB noun]
The contraction of muscles uses energy and releases heat. [VERB noun]
A ceramic water holder gradually releases water into the plants. [VERB noun]

Question 8

lead [to smth.]

Answer 8

If something leads to a situation or event, usually an unpleasant one, it begins a process which causes that situation or event to happen.

Ethnic tensions among the republics could lead to civil war. [VERB + to]
He warned yesterday that a pay rise for teachers would lead to job cuts. [VERB + to]

Question 9

reckon [that smth]

[informal]

Answer 9

If you reckon that something is true, you think that it is true.

Toni reckoned that it must be about three o’clock. [VERB that]
He reckoned he was still fond of her. [VERB that]

Question 10

consume [smth.]

[formal]

Answer 10

If you consume something, you eat or drink it.

Many people experienced a drop in their cholesterol levels when they consumed oat bran. [VERB noun]
…serving chocolate ice-creams for the children to consume in the kitchen. [VERB noun]

Question 11

remove [smth., from smth.]

[written]

Answer 11

If you remove something from a place, you take it away.

As soon as the cake is done, remove it from the oven. [VERB noun + from]
At least three bullets were removed from his wounds. [VERB noun from noun]
Often, the simplest answer is just to remove yourself from the situation. [VERB noun from noun]
He went to the refrigerator and removed a bottle of milk. [VERB noun]

Question 12

limit [smth., smth to some degree etc.]

Answer 12

If you limit something, you prevent it from becoming greater than a particular amount or degree.

He limited payments on the country’s foreign debt. [VERB noun]
Place numbers are limited to 25 on both tours, so please book early. [VERB noun + to]

Question 13

breath in [smth.]

Answer 13

When you breathe in, you take some air into your lungs.

She breathed in deeply. [VERB PARTICLE]

Question 14

ingest [smth.]

Answer 14

When animals or plants ingest a substance, they take it into themselves, for example by eating or absorbing it.

…side effects occurring in fish that ingest this substance. [VERB noun]
The spores can also be ingested through open wounds. [VERB noun]

Question 15

swallow [smth.]

Answer 15

If you swallow something, you cause it to go from your mouth down into your stomach.

You are asked to swallow a capsule containing vitamin B. [VERB noun]
Polly took a bite of the apple, chewed and swallowed. [VERB]

Question 16

absorb [smht.; smth. into smth.]

Answer 16

If something absorbs a liquid, gas, or other substance, it soaks it up or takes it in.

Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil. [VERB noun]
Refined sugars are absorbed into the bloodstream very quickly. [be VERB-ed + into]

Question 17

make up [passive-ed of]

Answer 17

The people or things that make up something are the members or parts that form that thing.

UK shoppers make up the largest percentage of foreign buyers. [VERB PARTICLE noun]
Insects are made up of tens of thousands of proteins. [be V-ed P + of]

Question 18

switch [smth.; to smth.; from smth. to smth.]

Answer 18

If you switch to something different, for example to a different system, task, or subject of conversation, you change to it from what you were doing or saying before.

Estonia is switching to a market economy. [VERB + to]
The law would encourage companies to switch from coal to cleaner fuels. [VERB from noun to noun]
The encouragement of a friend spurred Chris into switching jobs. [VERB noun]

Question 19

dust [smth.]

Answer 19

When you dust something such as furniture, you remove dust from it, usually using a cloth.

I vacuumed and dusted the living room. [VERB noun]
She dusted, she cleaned, and she did the washing-up. [VERB]

Question 20

worryingly

Answer 20

in a way that makes you feel worried

Worryingly, the gun was never found.
The exam has a worryingly high failure rate.

Question 21

widely

Answer 21

greatly, very much, or very

widely differing accounts of an event

Question 22

potentially

Answer 22

possibly but not yet actually

potentially useful information

Question 23

to be aware of smth.

Answer 23

If you are aware of something, you know about it.

Smokers are well aware of the dangers to their own health. [+ of]
He should have been aware of what his junior officers were doing. [+ of]
Some people may not be aware that this was a problem.

Question 24

environmental

Answer 24

Environmental means concerned with the protection of the natural world of land, sea, air, plants, and animals.

…economic and environmental legislation.
…the environmental claims being made for some products.
Environmental groups plan to stage public protests during the conference.

Question 25

cardiac

Answer 25

Cardiac means relating to the heart.

The king was suffering from cardiac weakness.

Question 26

tiny

Answer 26

Something or someone that is tiny is extremely small.

The living room is tiny.
Though she was tiny, she had a very loud voice.
The crop represents a tiny fraction of U.S. production.

Question 27

shatterproof

Answer 27

designed to resist shattering

Question 28

prevalent

Answer 28

A condition, practice, or belief that is prevalent is common.

This condition is more prevalent in women than in men.
The prevalent view is that interest rates will fall.

Question 29

critical

Answer 29

A critical time, factor, or situation is extremely important.

The incident happened at a critical point in the campaign.
Environmentalists say a critical factor in the city’s pollution is its population.
He says setting priorities is of critical importance.
How you finance a business is critical to the success of your venture.

Question 30

ubiquity [of smth.]

Answer 30

If you talk about the ubiquity of something, you mean that it seems to be everywhere.

Question 31

plastic

Answer 31

Plastic is a material which is produced from oil by a chemical process and which is used to make many objects. It is light in weight and does not break easily.

…a wooden crate, sheltered from wetness by sheets of plastic.
A lot of the plastics that carmakers are using cannot be recycled.
…a black plastic bag.

Question 32

microplastics

Answer 32

Microplastics are very small pieces of plastic that cause pollution in the environment.

Humans are known to consume microplastics but the impact on health is as yet unknown.
Concern is growing about the impact of microplastics on marine life.

Question 33

tissue

Answer 33

In animals and plants, tissue consists of cells that are similar to each other in appearance and that have the same function.

As we age we lose muscle tissue.
Athletes have hardly any fatty tissue.
All the cells and tissues in the body benefit from the increased intake of oxygen.

Question 34

sample

Answer 34

A sample of a substance is a small amount of it that is examined and analysed scientifically.

They took samples of my blood. [+ of]
…urine samples.

Question 35

multitude [of smth.]

Answer 35

A multitude of things or people is a very large number of them.

There are a multitude of small quiet roads to cycle along. [+ of]
Being inactive can lead to a multitude of health problems. [+ of]

Question 36

alternative [to smth.]

Answer 36

If one thing is an alternative to another, the first can be found, used, or done instead of the second.

New ways to treat arthritis may provide an alternative to painkillers. [+ to]

Question 37

polythene

Answer 37

Polythene is a type of plastic made into thin sheets or bags and used especially to keep food fresh or to keep things dry.

Simply put them into a polythene bag and store them in the freezer for a day.

Question 38

polyvinyl

Answer 38

designating a plastic or resin formed by polymerization of a vinyl derivative

Question 39

container

Answer 39

A container is something such as a box or bottle that is used to hold or store things in.

…the plastic containers in which fish are stored and sold.
…stainless steel or glass containers.

Question 40

chloride

Answer 40

Chloride is a chemical compound of chlorine and another substance.

The scientific name for common salt is sodium chloride.

Question 41

construction [of smth.]

Answer 41

The construction of something such as a vehicle or machine is the making of it.

…companies who have long experience in the construction of those types of equipment. [+ of]
With the exception of teak, this is the finest wood for boat construction.

Question 42

chemicals

Answer 42

the commercial production and sale of chemical products

Question 43

cell death

Answer 43

an occasion when a cell ceases to carry out its functions

Question 44

inflammation

[formal]

Answer 44

An inflammation is a painful redness or swelling of a part of your body that results from an infection, injury, or illness.

The drug can cause inflammation of the liver. [+ of]
…throat inflammations.

Question 45

dust

Answer 45

Dust is very small dry particles of earth or sand.

Tanks raise huge trails of dust when they move.
He reversed into the stockade in a cloud of dust.

Question 46

shard [of smth.]

Answer 46

Shards are pieces of broken glass, pottery, or metal.

Eyewitnesses spoke of rocks and shards of glass flying in the air. [+ of]

Question 47

allergy [to smth., smn.]

Answer 47

If you have a particular allergy, you become ill or get a rash when you eat, smell, or touch something that does not normally make people ill.

Food allergies can result in an enormous variety of different symptoms.
Allergy to cats is one of the commonest causes of asthma.