Microorganisms

Question 1

To be living a cell must be able to do what? (6)

Answer 1

Control it’s internal environment (homeostasis)
Reproduce
Adapt to is environment
Develop and grow
Utilise the surrounding energy
Respond to stimuli

Question 2

What are the characteristics of a virus? (3)

Answer 2

Are infectious agents
Reproduce inside cells of other organisms
Usea the host’s biochemistry for replication.

Question 3

Describe cell theory (3)

Answer 3

1. All living things are made of 1 or more cell
2. Cells carry out all life processes of organisms
3. All cells are derived from other cells

Question 4

What is a cell?

Answer 4

The structure and function of all living things.

Question 5

Through what process do cells import and export substances?

Answer 5

Diffusion

Question 6

What is diffusion?

Answer 6

The movement of a substance from a highly concentrated area to one of low concentration.

Question 7

What 4 factors affect the rate of diffusion?

Answer 7

1. Surface area
2. Concentration gradient
3. Temperature
4. Type of molecule being diffused

Question 8

Bacteria and primitive bacteria are classified as __ cells.

Answer 8

Prokaryotic

Question 9

Algae, animals, fungi and plants are classified as __ cells.

Answer 9

Eukaryotic

Question 10

What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. (4)

Answer 10

While eukaryotic cells contain membrane bound organelles, and a nucleus, prokaryotic cells don’t. Prokaryotic cells only have 1 chromosome and they are smaller in size.

Question 11

What do eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have in common? (3)

Answer 11

A cell membrane
Ribosomes
DNA

Question 12

Describe the function of the nucleus.

Answer 12

DNA storage

Question 13

Describe the function of the ribosomes. (3)

Answer 13

Found in the cytoplasm and on the rough ER they are the site of protein synthesis.

Question 14

Describe the function and characteristics of the chloroplasts. (3)

Answer 14

Found in the double membrane, they are the site of photosynthesis and can reproduce within themselves.

Question 15

Describe the function and characteristics of the mitochondria. (4)

Answer 15

Found in the double membrane, they are the site of aerobic respiration. They have their own DNA and can reproduce within themselves.

Question 16

What is a vesicle/vacuole and its function? (3)

Answer 16

A fluid-filled space bound by a membrane. They are necessary for a cell’s structural support and nutrient/water storage.

Question 17

Describe the structure and function of the endoplasmic reticulum. (5)

Answer 17

Split in two membranous tubules and sacs called the rough ER and the smooth ER.
Rough ER: protein synthesis
Smooth ER: lipid synthesis

Question 18

Describe the function of the cell membrane.

Answer 18

To separate a cell from its surroundings.

Question 19

Draw a labelled diagram of a cell membrane.

Answer 19

O=| |=O| |=O
O=| |=O| |=O
O=| |=O| |=O

• O=* - phospholipid
• | |* - Protein

Question 20

Describe the difference between passive and active transport.

Answer 20

Active transport required energy while passive transport doesn’t.

Question 21

What are 2 examples of passive transport?

Answer 21

Osmosis and diffusion

Question 22

Explain endocytosis.

Answer 22

The importing of molecules by forming new vesicles on the cell membrane.

Question 23

Form a diagram of endocytosis

Answer 23

check with diagram from book/slides

Question 24

Explain exocytosis.

Answer 24

The secretion/expulsion of molecules by the fusion of new vesicles on the cell membrane.

Question 25

Form a diagram of exocytosis.

Answer 25

check with diagram from book/slides