Microorganisms Flashcards
To be living a cell must be able to do what? (6)
Control it’s internal environment (homeostasis) Reproduce Adapt to is environment Develop and grow Utilise the surrounding energy Respond to stimuli
What are the characteristics of a virus? (3)
Are infectious agents
Reproduce inside cells of other organisms
Usea the host’s biochemistry for replication.
Describe cell theory (3)
- All living things are made of 1 or more cell
- Cells carry out all life processes of organisms
- All cells are derived from other cells
What is a cell?
The structure and function of all living things.
Through what process do cells import and export substances?
Diffusion
What is diffusion?
The movement of a substance from a highly concentrated area to one of low concentration.
What 4 factors affect the rate of diffusion?
- Surface area
- Concentration gradient
- Temperature
- Type of molecule being diffused
Bacteria and primitive bacteria are classified as __ cells.
Prokaryotic
Algae, animals, fungi and plants are classified as __ cells.
Eukaryotic
What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. (4)
While eukaryotic cells contain membrane bound organelles, and a nucleus, prokaryotic cells don’t. Prokaryotic cells only have 1 chromosome and they are smaller in size.
What do eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have in common? (3)
A cell membrane
Ribosomes
DNA
Describe the function of the nucleus.
DNA storage
Describe the function of the ribosomes. (3)
Found in the cytoplasm and on the rough ER they are the site of protein synthesis.
Describe the function and characteristics of the chloroplasts. (3)
Found in the double membrane, they are the site of photosynthesis and can reproduce within themselves.
Describe the function and characteristics of the mitochondria. (4)
Found in the double membrane, they are the site of aerobic respiration. They have their own DNA and can reproduce within themselves.
What is a vesicle/vacuole and its function? (3)
A fluid-filled space bound by a membrane. They are necessary for a cell’s structural support and nutrient/water storage.
Describe the structure and function of the endoplasmic reticulum. (5)
Split in two membranous tubules and sacs called the rough ER and the smooth ER.
Rough ER: protein synthesis
Smooth ER: lipid synthesis
Describe the function of the cell membrane.
To separate a cell from its surroundings.
Draw a labelled diagram of a cell membrane.
O=| |=O| |=O
O=| |=O| |=O
O=| |=O| |=O
- O=* - phospholipid
- | |* - Protein
Describe the difference between passive and active transport.
Active transport required energy while passive transport doesn’t.
What are 2 examples of passive transport?
Osmosis and diffusion
Explain endocytosis.
The importing of molecules by forming new vesicles on the cell membrane.
Form a diagram of endocytosis
check with diagram from book/slides
Explain exocytosis.
The secretion/expulsion of molecules by the fusion of new vesicles on the cell membrane.
Form a diagram of exocytosis.
check with diagram from book/slides
