Microorganisms

Question 0

Fungi

Answer 0

Microscopic, can form multicellular structures such as mould and mushrooms, in the air which can cause infections or spoil food, athletes foot is caused by a fungus growing on skin causing itchiness and flaking skin

Question 1

Bacteria

Answer 1

Single celled, live in the air, earth, water or can be parasitic and use a host to survive, in the air which can cause infections or spoil food, salmonella bacteria can cause food poisoning, vomiting and diarrhoea, discovered by Louis Pasteur in 1860

Question 2

Viruses

Answer 2

10-100nm, do not consist of cells and cannot replicate outside of host cells, measles viruses causes a bad rash and high fever, harder to combat viral infection because they live inside cells

Question 3

Protozoa

Answer 3

Up to 0.1mm, some cells are similar to ours - nucleus, some are plantlike - chloroplasts, protocist plasmodium causes malaria it can kill by damaging the red blood cells

Question 4

Antiseptics

Answer 4

Used outside of body, kills bacteria and other microorganisms

Question 5

Antimicrobial medicines

Answer 5

Combat the cause rather than the symptoms, most common forms are antibiotics

Question 6

Antibiotics

Answer 6

Most common form of antimicrobial medicines, act against bacterial infection and kill the pathogens or stop them from dividing, Alex Flemming discovered penicillin - it took 15 years to become mass produced during WW2

Question 7

Antiviral medicines

Answer 7

Stop viral infections

Question 8

Lymphocytes

Answer 8

Recognise antigens, controls the immune system, white blood cells, 3 types of lymphocytes

Question 9

B Lymphocytes

Answer 9

Sit in our lymph nodes and produce antibodies when they come across an antigen

Question 10

T Lymphocytes

Answer 10

Patrol the blood and help kill bacteria and infected cells

Question 11

Macrophages/Phagocytes

Answer 11

Ingest and digest bacteria and broken up cells

Question 12

Antigens

Answer 12

Foreign proteins in the body, when vaccinated you are injected with the antigen from the pathogen you are looking to become immune to

Question 13

Antibodies

Answer 13

Neutralise toxins or flag a cell for destruction

Question 14

Yeast

Answer 14

A single celled fungus that can respire aerobically or anaerobically, need the carbohydrates in grain or grapes to provide glucose to produce ethanol

Question 15

Lactobacillus

Answer 15

Bacteria added to milk to form yoghurt, breaks down the lactose sugar and produces lactic acid

Question 16

Mycoprotein

Answer 16

Using fungi as a meat alternative (quorn)

Question 17

Decay

Answer 17

The process through which dead organic material is broken down and returned to the ecosystem