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Life Science Grade 8 Term 2 > Microorganisms > Flashcards

Microorganisms Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Types of classification? (4)

A

Cell nature
Cell occurence
Mode of nutrition
Level of the ody organisation (haven’t learned yet)

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2
Q

What 2 categories are under cell nature?

A

Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

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3
Q

What 2 categories are under cell occurrence?

A

Unicellular
Multicellular

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4
Q

What 2 categories are under mode of nutrition?

A

Autotrophs
Heterotrophs

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5
Q

What does it mean for a organism to be prokaryotic?

A

No nucleus

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6
Q

What does it mean for a organism to be eukaryotic?

A

Clear nucleus

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7
Q

What does it mean for an organism to be unicellular?

A

Made up of a single cell

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8
Q

What does it mean for a organism to be multicellular?

A

Made up of multiple cells

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9
Q

What does it mean for a organism to be autotrophic?

A

Make their own food

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10
Q

What does it mean for a organism to be heterotrophic?

A

Depends on others for food

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11
Q

What are the five kingdoms of classification?

A

Monera
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

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12
Q

What are the traits of organisms in the monera kingdom?

A

Prokaryotic
Unicellular
Autotrophic/ heterotrophic
Some have cell wall some don’t

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13
Q

What are the traits of organisms in the Protista kingdom?

A

Eukaryotic
Unicellular
Autotrophic/ heterotrophic
Move using Cilia, flagella or pseudopodia

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14
Q

What are the traits of organisms in the fungi kingdom?

A

Eukaryotic
Mostly multicellular
Heterotrophic
Cell wall made of Chitin

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15
Q

What are the traits of organisms in the plantae kingdom?

A

Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Autotrophic
Cell wall made of Cellulose

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16
Q

What are the traits of organisms in the animalia kingdom?

A

Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Heterotrophic
No cell wall

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17
Q

Give an example of an organism in the monera kingdom.

A

Bacteria

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18
Q

Give an example of an organism in the protista kingdom.

A

Amoeba

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19
Q

Give an example of an organism in the fungi kingdom.

A

Mushroom

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20
Q

Give an example of an organism in the plantae kingdom.

A

Sunflower

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21
Q

Give an example of an organism in the animalia kingdom.

A

Lion

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22
Q

What are the 4 main types of microorganisms?

A

Viruses (not living organisms)
Bacteria
Protists
Fungi

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23
Q

How can you see a virus?

A

Only visible through an electron microscope

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24
Q

Why are viruses not living organisms and what are they instead?

A

They show no characteristics of life (MRS GREN)
They need another living cell in order to reproduce and are therefore parasites

25
Q

What are the cells that viruses attack called?

A

Host cells

26
Q

How do viruses spread?

A

They turn host cells into virus factories that produce more of the virus. These newly created viruses spread through the body to attack more cells

27
Q

What do viruses attack?

A

Plant and animal cells
Some even attack other microorganisms such as bacteria (bateriophage - name of virus that attacks bacteria) and protists

28
Q

List 6 different viruses.

A

HIV
Hepatitis B
Ebola Virus
Adenovirus
Influenza
Bacteriophage

29
Q

What are microorganisms that cause disease called?

A

Pathogens

30
Q

What does HIV stand for?

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

31
Q

What does HIV do?

A

Attacks white blood cells of your immune system. Invades these cells and turns them into virus factories that produce more HI virus which spread through your bloodstream and invade more immune cells

32
Q

How does HIV turn into AIDS?

A

Eventually there are too few immune cells oeft to protect your body against disease. At this stage the person becomes immune deficient and is said to be suffering from AIDS. It can take many years before HIV infected person develops AIDS

33
Q

What does AIDS stand for?

A

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

34
Q

How can HIV be transmitted?

A

.Unprotected sex with HIV infected person
.HIV infected mother to unborn baby
.Breast milk from HIV infected mother to baby
.Direct contact with infection blood

35
Q

What can help with HIV/AIDS

A

Antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) help the body to slow down the HI virus reproduction. There is no cure for AIDS

36
Q

What are diseases that attack your body when the immune system is weak called?

A

Opportunistic infections
E.g. pneumonia and TB

37
Q

Which are bigger: viruses or bacteria?

A

Bacteria are bigger than viruses but are still microscopic

38
Q

Bacteria come in many different shapes and are able to reproduce…

A

Very quickly

39
Q

How can scientists grow bacteria?

A

In petri dishes that contain a jelly-like substance called agar. Each spot on the agar represents a bacterial colony not a single bateria

40
Q

What are the 3 main shapes of bacteria?

A

Cocci (round)
singular is coccus
Bacilli (rod-shaped)
singular is bacillus
Spirilla (spiral)
singular is spirillus

41
Q

How can bacteria be useful/good?

A

.Decompose dead material and in doing so recycle minerals and nutrients that can be used by other organisms
.Live inside you intestines and help break down food during digestion
.Feed on the sugars in milk and convert it into lactic acid by bacterial fermentation. This increases the acidity and curdles the milk. Solid buts are separated and used to make yogurt and cheese
.Used to create medicine to kill other microorganisms/ stop them from growing (Antibiotics)
Antibiotics don’t kill viruses

42
Q

What diseases can bacteria cause?

A

TB

43
Q

What does TB stand for?

A

Tuberculosis

44
Q

If a bacteria causes TB what is it?

A

A pathogen because it is an microorganism causing disease

45
Q

What does TB do?

A

It usually attacks the lungs although can develop TB in any part of the body

46
Q

How is TB spread?

A

When saliva or mucus travels through the air when infected people sneeze or cough. Uninfected people inhale these drops and become infected with TB

47
Q

What are some symptoms of TB?

A

. A persistent cough lasting more than 2 weeks
. Chest pains and coughing up blood
. Tiredness/ headaches
. Night sweats
. Unexplained weight loss

48
Q

How can TB be treated?

A

Can be effectively treated with a course of antibiotics that a patient has to take for 6 months

49
Q

How can the TB bacteria develop resistance to the antibiotics?

A

When people start feeling better they stop taking the antibiotics and this leads to some of the TB bacteria developing resistance to the medicine

50
Q

How does antibiotic resistance develop in general?

A

Some bacteria get better at defending themselves against antibiotics meaning the resistant bacteria are harder to kill. Resistant bacteria begin to multiply making the antibiotics less and less effective

51
Q

What are protista?

A

Small plant or animal-like microorganisms that live in water

52
Q

What do plant-like Protists do?

A

Can produce their own food (autotrophic) and produce food and oxygen for other organisms

53
Q

What do animal-like protists do?

A

Catch their own food and have developed structures called foagella or cilia to help them move around

54
Q

What does a flagellum look like?

A

A long tail that moves like a whip

55
Q

What do cilia look like?

A

Many hort hairs all around the protist that make wave movements

56
Q

2 example of diseases which can be caused by protist?

A

Sleeping sickness and malaria

57
Q

Amoeba can alter their shape by extending and retracting ‘limbs’ called…

A

Pseudopods which they used to move around and obtain food

58
Q

Analyze the word pseudopod.

A

Pseudo - fake
Pods - limbs

59
Q

Make cards for info from page 41 onwards

A

Malaria
Fungi
+ anything else she teaches in class

Life Science Grade 8 Term 2 (2 decks)

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