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Microorganism Review Flashcards

1
Q 
GPC in clusters
Morph: golden, beta or gamma hemolytic
Catalase +
Coagulase +
Staph latex agglutination
A

Staph aureus

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2
Q

GPC in tetrads
Morph: bright yellow
Catalase +
Microdase (modified oxidase) +

A

Micrococcus spp

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3
Q 
GPC in clusters
Morph: bright white
Catalase +
Coagulase =
Novobiocin resistant (< 16 mm)
A

Staph saprophyticus

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4
Q 
GPC in clusters
morph: white
Catalase +
Coagulase =
PYR =
A

Staph epidermidis

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5
Q 
GPC in clusters
morph: yellow
Catalase +
Coagulase =
PYR +
A

Staph lugdunensis

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6
Q 
Large GPC in pairs and clusters
morph: STICKY, gray-white, gamma hemolytic
Catalase V
Coagulase =
Microdase =
PYR +
A

Rothia spp

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7
Q 
GPC in chains
morph: beta hemolytic
Catalase =
PYR +
Bacitracin sensitive (any zone)
A

Strep pyogenes (Group A)

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8
Q 
GPC in chains
morph: soft beta hemolytic
Catalase =
CAMP + (arrow growth)
Hippurate hydrolysis +
A

Strep agalactiae (Group B)

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9
Q

GPC in chains
morph: true alpha, dimpled or mucoid appearance
bile solubility +
Optochin sensitive (> 14mm)

A

Strep pneumoniae

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10
Q

GPC pairs or chains
morph: alpha-ish, medium to large gray-white
Catalase =, but can be slow/weak + (pseudo +)
PYR +
Bile esculin +
NaCl +
Vancomycin resistance: acquired

A

Enterococcus faecium

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11
Q 
GPC pairs or chains
morph: gamma, medium to large gray-white
Catalase =, but can be slow/weak + (pseudo +)
PYR +
Bile esculin +
NaCl +
Vancomycin resistance: acquired
A

Enterococcus faecalis

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12
Q

Intrinsic Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)

A

Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterococcus casseliflavus, Enterococcus flavescens

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13
Q 
GPC in pairs and chains
morph: pinpoint, gamma or weak alpha
Catalase =
PYR =
Bile esculin +
NaCl =
A 
Strep gallolyticus (Group D)
formerly Strep bovis
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14
Q 
GPC in pairs and chains
morph: alpha (but may be gamma), wet or dry
Catalase =
Bile esculin =
NaCl =
A

Viridians Strep

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15
Q 
GPC in clusters or tetrads
morph: alpha
Catalase =
Bile esculin =
NaCl +
PYR +
LAP =
A

Aerococcus viridans

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16
Q 
GPC in clusters or tetrads
morph: alpha
Catalase =
Bile esculin =
NaCl +
PYR =
LAP +
A

Aerococcus urinae

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17
Q

tiny GPC pairs and chains

morph: alpha, tiny, dry, BUTTERSCOTCH odor

A

Strep anginosus

Group:
Constellatus
Intermedius
Anginosus

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18
Q

GPC in pairs and chains
morph: no growth on BAP, only on CHOC (requires pyridoxal or thiol for growth)
PYR +
Satellite Test +

A

Nutritionally Variant Strep

Unrelated genus in group: Abiotrophia spp and Granulicatella spp

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19
Q 
GNDC
morph: small, round, translucent
no growth on BAP, growth on CHOC and MTM
oxidase +
nitrate =
carb utilization:
glucose +
maltose =
lactose =
sucrose =
A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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20
Q 
GNDC
morph: small, round, translucent
growth on BAP, CHOC, and MTM
oxidase +
nitrate =
carb utilization:
glucose +
maltose +
lactose =
sucrose =
A

Neisseria meningitidis

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21
Q 
GNDC
morph: yellow colonied
growth on BAP, CHOC, and MTM
oxidase +
nitrate =
carb utilization:
glucose +
maltose +
lactose +
sucrose =
A

Neisseria lactamica

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22
Q 
GNDC
morph: smooth, scoots on agar, "hockey puck" 
growth on BAP, CHOC, and MTM
oxidase +
nitrate +
DNase +
Catarrhalis disk +
carb utilization (asaccharolytic):
glucose =
maltose =
lactose =
sucrose =
A

Moraxella catarrhalis

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23
Q

GNCB
morph: no growth on BAP, growth on CHO (mousy odor)
requires growth factor X and V, 5-10% CO2
ALA =
Staph Streak +
non-hemolytic on horse and rabbit blood

A

Haemophilus influenza

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24
Q 
GNCB
morph: no growth on BAP, growth on CHO
requires growth factor X and V
ALA =
Beta hemolytic on rabbit blood
A

Haemophilus influenza biogroup aegyptius

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25
Q 
GNCB
morph: no growth on BAP, growth on CHO
requires growth factor V
ALA +
Beta hemolytic on rabbit blood (variable)
A

Haemophilus parainfluenza

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26
Q 
GNCB
morph: no growth on BAP, growth on CHO
requires growth factor X and V
ALA =
Beta hemolytic on horse and rabbit blood
A

Haemophilus heamolyticus

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27
Q 
GNCB
morph: no growth on BAP, growth on CHO
requires growth factor V
ALA +
Beta hemolytic on horse and rabbit blood
A

Haemophilus parahaemolyticus

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28
Q 
GNCB - school of fish
morph: no growth on BAP, growth on CHO
requires growth factor V
ALA =
non-hemolytic on horse and rabbit blood
A

Haemophilus ducreyi

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29
Q 
Large GPB boxcar
morph: medusa head, ground glass, egg white, nonhemolytic
spore-forming
Catalase +
Nonmotile
Lecithinase +
No Growth on PEA
Bioterrorism agent
A

Bacillus anthracis

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30
Q 
Large GPB boxcar
morph: green, feathery, spreading, beta hemolytic
spore-forming
Catalase +
Motile
Lecithinase +
Growth on PEA
A

Bacillus cereus

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31
Q 
GPB or short, plump coccobacilli
morph: soft beta hemolytic
Catalase +
Tumbling motility
Bile esculin +
Hippurate hydrolysis +
Reverse CAMP + (block growth)
A

Listeria monocytogenes

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32
Q 
GPB - club-shaped, palisading
morph: grows on tellurite agar and loeffler media
Catalase +
Urea =
Nitrate +
A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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33
Q 
GPB - club-shaped, palisading
morph: gray-white, non-hemolytic
Catalase +
Urea =
Nitrate +
P 10 disk resistant
A

Corynebacterium jeikeium

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34
Q 
GPB - club-shaped, palisading
morph: white, pinpoint, non-hemolytic
Catalase +
Urea +
Nitrate +
A

Corynebacterium urealyticum

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35
Q 
Slender GPB
morph: small, greenish discoloration
Catalase =
Nonmotile
H2S +
Bile esculin +
Nitrate =
A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

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36
Q

GPB
morph: alpha hemolytic
Catalase =
Seen primarily in urine cultures (normal flora)

A

Lactobacillus spp

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37
Q 
Gram variable bacilli
morph: pinpoint, nonhemolytic
V agar: hemolysis on human blood
Starch hydrolysis (purple -> yellow)
Catalase =
Hippurate hydrolysis +
Wet prep: Clue cells (> 20%)
A

Gardnerella vaginalis

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38
Q 
GPB
morph: small, beta-hemolytic
Catalase +
Reverse CAMP +
Lecithinase +
A

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum

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39
Q

GPB - club-shaped, palisading (diphtheroid-like)
morph: nonhemolytic, mucoid, turns pink/red/orange after a few days of growth
Catalase +
Partially acid-fast

A

Rhodococcus spp

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40
Q 
GNB
morph: shiny, mermaid scales, beta hemolytic, tortilla chip smell
MAC: NLF, green colonies
Produce pyocyanin fluorescence
Oxidase +
Motile
Nitrate +
growth at 42 C
A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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41
Q 
GNB
morph: no distinct appearance
Produces pyoverdin fluorescence
Oxidase +
Motile
Nitrate =
No growth at 42 C
Gelatin liquified +
A

Pseudomonas fluorences

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42
Q 
GNB
morph: no distinct appearance
Produces pyoverdin fluorescence
Oxidase +
Motile
Nitrate =
No growth at 42 C
Gelatin liquified =
A

Pseudomonas putida

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43
Q 
GNB
morph: Wrinkled, light yellow or brown 
Non-fluorescent
Oxidase +
Motile
Nitrate +
Variable growth at 42 C
Gelatin liquified =
A

Pseudomonas stutzeri

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44
Q 
GNB
morph: smooth, gray, translucent
MAC: variable growth
Oxidase V
Motile
Nitrate +
Gas from nitrate =
No growth at 42 C
A

Burkholderia mallei

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45
Q 
GNB
morph: Round, wrinkled, bright orange to cream 
MAC: grows well
Oxidase +
Motile
Nitrate +
Gas from nitrate +
Growth at 42 C
A

Burkholderia pseudomallei

46
Q 
GNB
morph: yellow, non-fluorescent
MAC: dark pink or red
Oxidase +
Motile
Nitrate V
Gas from nitrate =
Variable growth at 42 C
A

Burkholderia cepacia complex

47
Q 
GNB
morph: greenish, fruity/green apple smell
Oxidase +
Motile
Nitrate +
Asaccharolytic
A

Alcaligenes faecalis

48
Q 
GNB
morph: non-pigmented
Oxidase +
Motile
Nitriate +
Oxidation of xylose
A

Achromobacter xylosoxidans

49
Q 
GNB
morph: lavender-green discoloration
MAC: grows poorly
Oxidase +
Nonmotile
Nitrate =
DNase +
Bile esculin +
A

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica

50
Q 
GNB
morph: greenish discoloration, strong ammonia odor
Oxidase =
Motile
LDC +
Oxidizes glucose and maltose
A

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

51
Q 
GNB
morph: gray-white, rotten pumpkin odor
Oxidase =
Nonmotile
LDC =
A

Acinetobacter spp

A. baumannii = oxidizes glucose, lactose, maltose
A. Iwoffi = asaccharolytic

52
Q 
GNB
morph: yellow, rough, wrinkled
Non-fluorescent
Oxidase =
Motile
LDC =
A

Pseudomonas (Flaviomonas) oryzihabitans

53
Q

small GNCB
morph: convex, granular, yellow w/ opaque zone
Catalase =
Oxidase V
Nitrate +
Indole =
Ferments glucose, maltose, lactose, sucrose

A

Aggregatibacter aphrophilus

54
Q 
GNB/GNCB
morph: small, translucent, adheres to agar
Catalase +
Oxidase V
Nitrate +
Indole =
Ferments glucose, lactose (variable)
Associated with periodontitis
A

Aggregatibacter actinomycetecomitans

55
Q 
Pleomorphic bacilli - forms rosettes, dumbbells
morph: glistening colonies, adheres to agar
Catalase =
Oxidase +
Nitrate =
Indole +
Ferments glucose, maltose, sucrose
Associated with endocarditis
A

Cardiobacterium hominis

56
Q

small, straight GNB/GNCB
morph: pits the agar, frosty, smells like bleach
Catalase =
Oxidase +
Nonmotile
Asacchrolytic
Associated with periodontal disease, shooter’s abscess, “clench fist injury”/bite wound

A

Eikenella corrodens

57
Q 
GNCB w/ squared ends
morph: beta-hemolytic, spready, smooth
Catalase =
Oxidase +
Nitrate =
Indole =
Ferments glucose, maltose
Associated with pediatric patients, bacteremia and osteoarticular infections
A

Kingella spp

58
Q 
GN fusiform bacilli
morph: gliding, sweaty, moist, molted
Catalase =
Oxidase =
Nitrate V
Indole =
Ferments glucose, maltose, sucrose
Associated with cat/dog bite, female genital infections
A

Capnocytophaga spp

59
Q 
GNCB/GNB
morph: smooth, gray
Catalase +
Oxidase +
Nitrate +
Indole +
Ferments glucose
Urea =
Associated with dog/cat bites scratches, normal oral flora
A

Pasteurella multocida

60
Q 
plesiomorphic GNB - thin, loops and coils
Hard to culture
Nonmotile
Rat-bite fever
Haverhill fever
A

Streptobacillus moniliformis

61
Q 
GNCB - tiny, faint-staining 
morph: opaque, gray-white, smooth, shiny
Catalase = or weak +
Oxidase =
Beta-lactamase +
Staph streak =
Bioterrorism agent, turemia
A

Franciscella tularensis

62
Q 
GNCB - faint-staining, slow-growing
morph: pinpoint on BAP and CHOC
Catalase +
Oxidase +
Urea + (strong urea +, within 2 hrs)
Staph streak =
Bioterrorism agent, Undulant fever/Malta fever, can infect in unbroken skin
63
Q

GNB
Staccato/Whooping cough - affects babies < 1 year
Catalase +
Variable growth on BAP, CHOC, MAC (species specific)
Growth on BG agar
Growth on Regan-Lowe agar

A

Bordetella

B. pertussis: oxidase +, nonmotile, no growth on BA/MAC/CHOC
B. parapertussis: oxidase=, nonmotile, variable growth on MAC
B. bronchiseptica: oxidase +, motile, grows on all media

64
Q

GNB
Doesn’t grow on BAP, requires L-cystiene for growth
Found in water sources: hot tubs, cooling towers, water tanks, plumbing systems, water fountains
Legionnaire’s disease (up to 30% mortality)/Pontiac Fever (less severe)

A

Legionella

65
Q

Slight curved GNB
Biochemically inert, commercial ID
Trench fever, cat scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis
Louse-borne

A

Bartonella

66
Q

Spirochete
Louse-borne
Relapsing Fever
Tickborne vector

A

Borrelia recurrentis

67
Q

Causes Lyme disease

Bullseye skin lesion

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

68
Q

“Walking pneumonia”

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

69
Q 
STI
Genitourinary Infections
Amniotic infections
Bacterial vaginosis
Associated with reproductive issues
A

Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma spp

70
Q

Associated with 15-20% of nongonococcal urethritis

A

Mycoplasma genitalium

71
Q

Most transmitted STI in US
Urogenital disease
Ocular trachoma

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

72
Q

90% asymptomatic
Biphasic: 1st phase: sore throat
2nd phase: pneumonia and bronchitis

A

Chlamydia pneumoniae

73
Q

Zoonotic disease
Parrot fever
Flu-like symptoms

A

Chlamydia psittaci

74
Q

GPC
morph: sweet, putrid odor
Nitrate =
Indole =

SPS sensitive (greater or equal to 12 mm)

Second most common group of anaerobe
Obligate anaerobe

A

Peptostreptococcus (formerly Anaerococcus) anaerobius

75
Q

Only true GNC
morph:
Catalase V
Nitrate +

Colistin: SS
Vancomycin: R
Kanamycin: SS

Normal flora

A

Veillonella spp

76
Q 
GPB
morph: small, white
Catalase +
Nitrate +
Indole +

Facultative anaerobe
Common cause of blood culture contamination

A

Propionibacterium acnes

77
Q 
Small GPB
morph: small, gray, translucent
Catalase +
Nitrate +
Indole V

Colistin R
Vanconmycin SS
Kanamycin SS

Normal flora of GI tract

A

Eubacterium lentum

78
Q 
GPB - club-shaped, branched or unbranched filaments
morph: rough or smooth types
Sulphur granules
Nitrate +
Esculin hydrolysis +
A

Actinomyces israelii

79
Q 
GPB
morph: rough or smooth colonies, tan pigmentation
Nitrate +
Urease +
Esculin hydrolysis V
Aerotolerant
A

Actinomyces naeslundii

80
Q

GPB
morph: red color on CDC after 7-14 days of incubation
Nitrate +
Microaerophilic

A

Actinomyces odontolyticus

81
Q 
GPB
Catalase +
Nitrate +
Urease +
Aerotolerant
Associated in dental caries and periodontal disease
A

Actinomyces vicosus

82
Q 
small GPB
Strict aerobe
Catalase =
Nitrate =
Urease =
Esculin hydrolysis =
A

Actinomyces meyeri

83
Q 
GPB w/ forked ends
Catalase =
Nitrate =
Indole =
Esculin hydrolysis =
Aerotolerant/microtolerant
A

Bifidobacterium dentium

84
Q 
GNB
Non-spore forming
Nonmotile
20% bile
Colistin: R
Vancomycin: R
Kanamycin: R
A

Bacteriodes fragilis

B. ovatus: catalase +, indole +
B. thetaiotaomicron: catalase +, indole +
B. fragilis: catalase +, indole =
B. distasonis: catalase +, indole =
B. uniformis: catalase =, indole +
B. vulgatus: catalase =, indole =
85
Q 
GNB
morph: tan to buff, brown-black clonies
Brick red under UV light
moderately sacchrolytic
Colistin: V
Vancomycin: R
Kanamycin: R
A

Prevotella spp

86
Q 
GNB
morph: tan to buff, brown-black clonies
Brick red under UV light
asacchrolytic
Colistin: R
Vancomycin: SS
Kanamycin: R
A

Porphyromonas spp

87
Q 
Thin GNB w/ pointed ends
morph: speckled, breadcrumb, smooth
Indole +
20% bile +
Colistin: SS
Vancomycin: SS
Kanamycin: R
A

Fusobacterium nucleatum

88
Q 
Pleomorphic GNB
morph: greening of the agar
Indole +
20% bile V
Lipase +
Colistin: SS
Vancomycin: SS
Kanamycin: R
A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

89
Q 
Pleomorphic GNB
morph: fried egg colony 
Indole =
20% bile +
Lipase =
Esculin +
Colistin: SS
Vancomycin: SS
Kanamycin: R
A

Fusobacterium mortiferum

90
Q 
Pleomorphic GNB - short and plump
morph: fried egg colony 
Indole V
20% bile +
Colistin: SS
Vancomycin: SS
Kanamycin: R
A

Fusobacterium varium

91
Q 
GPB, spore-forming
morph: double zone of beta hemolysis
Catalase =
Nonmotile
Lecithinase +
Reverse CAMP +
Colistin: R
Vancomycin: SS
Kanamycin: SS
Associate with food poisoning, gas gangrene
A

Clostridium perfringens

92
Q

GPB
morph: medusa head, SWARM in 24-48 hrs
Esculin hydrolysis +
Associated w/ malignancies: leukemias, lymphomas, carcinomas

A

Clostridium septicum

93
Q

GPB
morph: ground glass, barn-yard smell
CCFA agar: yellow-green growth
Associated w/ pseudomembranous colitis

Clinically significant for adults, although common in baby flora

A

Clostridium difficile

94
Q

GPB - subterminal spores
botulism: food-borne, infant “floppy baby”, wound
Death due to respiratory paralysis and secondary pneumonia

A

Clostridium botulinum

95
Q 
GPB - terminal spores (tennis racket)
morph: swarms on CDC
Lecithinase =
Lipase =
Associated w/ lockjaw
A

Clostridium tetani

96
Q 
GNB
morph: big, circular, gray, moist
KIA/TSI
A/A*, H2S=Neg, Gas=Pos
VP=Neg
PDA=Neg
Indole=Pos
Citrate=Neg
Urea=Neg
LOA
L=Pos A,O=Pos/Neg
ONPG=Pos
Motile=Pos
A

Escherichia coli

97
Q 
GNB
KIA/TSI
K/A, H2S=Neg, Gas=Neg
VP=Neg
PDA=Neg
Indole=Neg/Pos
Citrate=Neg
Urea=Neg
LOA=Neg
VP=Neg
ONPG=Neg 
Motile=Neg
A

Shigella spp

S. dysenteriae ONPG =, O+
S. flexneri: ONPG =, O+
S. boydii: ONGP =, O+
S. sonnei: ONPG =, O +

98
Q 
KIA/TSI
K/A, H2S=Pos, Gas=Pos
Indole=Pos
Citrate=Neg
Urea=Neg
LOA
L,O=Pos, A=Neg
VP=Neg
ONPG=Neg 
Motile=Pos
PDA=Neg
99
Q 
KIA/TSI
K/A, H2S=Pos, Gas=Pos
S. typhi Weak H2S Pos
Indole=Neg
Citrate=Pos
Urea=Neg
LOA
LO=Pos, A=Pos/Neg
VP=Neg
ONPG=Neg
Motile=Pos
PDA=Neg
A

Salmonella

100
Q 
KIA/TSI
K/A*, H2S=Pos, Gas=Pos
C. freundii (K/A or A/A)
C. koseri H2S=Neg
Indole
C. freundii=Neg
C. koseri=Pos
Citrate=Pos
Urea=Pos/Neg
LOA
A, O=Pos/Neg, L=Neg
VP=Neg
ONPG=Pos
Motile=Pos
PDA=Neg
A

Citrobacter

101
Q 
KIA/TSI
K/A*, H2S=Pos, Gas=Pos
C. freundii (K/A or A/A)
C. koseri H2S=Neg
Indole
C. freundii=Neg
C. koseri=Pos
Citrate=Pos
Urea=Pos/Neg
LOA
A, O=Pos/Neg, L=Neg
VP=Neg
ONPG=Pos
Motile=Pos
PDA=Neg
A

Klebsiella

102
Q 
KIA/TSI
A/A, H2S=Neg, Gas=Pos+
Indole=Neg
Citrate=Pos
Urea=Neg
LOA
E. aerogenes- L,O=Pos A=Neg
E. cloacae-A,O=Pos, L=Neg
VP=Pos
ONPG=Pos
Motile=Pos
PDA=Neg
A

Enterobacter

103
Q 
KIA/TSI
K/A, H2S=Neg, Gas=Pos
Indole=Neg
Citrate=Neg
Urea=Neg
LOA
L,O=Pos A=Neg
VP=Pos
ONPG=Pos
Motile=Pos
PDA=Neg
104
Q 
KIA/TSI
K/A, H2S=Neg, Gas=Pos
Indole=Neg
Citrate=Pos
Urea=Neg
LOA
LO=Pos, A=Neg
VP=Pos
ONPG=Pos (Slow LF)
Motile=Pos
PDA=Neg
Gel=Pos
105
Q 
KIA/TSI
K/A, H2S=Pos, Gas=Pos
Indole= V
Citrate=Pos/Neg
Urea=Pos+
LOA
O=Pos L,A=Neg
VP=Pos/Neg
ONPG=Neg
Motile=Pos
Seen on nonselective media
PDA=Pos
Gel=Neg
A

Proteus

P. mirabilis: indole =
P. vulgaris: indole +

106
Q 
KIA/TSI
K/A, H2S=Neg, Gas=Pos
Indole=Pos
Citrate=Neg
Urea=Pos+
LOA
O=Pos L,A=Neg
VP=Neg
ONPG=Neg
Motile=Pos
PDA=Pos
A

Morganella

107
Q 
KIA/TSI
K/A, H2S=Neg, Gas=Neg
Indole=Pos
Citrate=Pos
Urea
P. rettgeri=Pos+
P. stuartii=Neg/Pos
LOA
LOA=Neg
VP=Neg
ONPG=Neg
Motile=Pos
PDA=Pos
A

Providencia

108
Q 
KIA/TSI
K/A (weak), H2S=Neg, Gas=Neg
Indole=Neg
Citrate=Neg
Urea=Neg
LOA
LOA=Neg
VP=Neg
ONPG=Pos
Motile=Neg (25 and 36)
Colony morphology-beaten copper
PDA=Neg
A

Yersinia pestis

109
Q 
Y. pseudotuberculosis
KIA/TSI
K/A, H2S=Neg, Gas=Neg
Indole=Neg
Citrate=Neg
Urea=Pos
LOA
LOA=Neg
VP=Neg
ONPG=Pos
Motile=Neg at 36° Pos at 22°
PDA=Neg
A

Yersinia pesudotuberculosis

110
Q 
KIA= K/A, H2S=Neg, Gas=Neg
TSI=A/A (Sucrose Pos)
Indole=Pos/Neg
Citrate=Neg
Urea=Pos/Neg
LOA
O=Pos L,A=Neg
VP=Neg
ONPG=Pos
Motile=Neg at 36° Pos at 22°
PDA=Neg
A

Yersinia enterolitica

Micro (1 decks)

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