Microorganism Review Flashcards by Martin Garcia

GPC in clusters
Morph: golden, beta or gamma hemolytic
Catalase +
Coagulase +
Staph latex agglutination

Staph aureus

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GPC in tetrads
Morph: bright yellow
Catalase +
Microdase (modified oxidase) +

Micrococcus spp

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GPC in clusters
Morph: bright white
Catalase +
Coagulase =
Novobiocin resistant (< 16 mm)

Staph saprophyticus

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GPC in clusters
morph: white
Catalase +
Coagulase =
PYR =

Staph epidermidis

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GPC in clusters
morph: yellow
Catalase +
Coagulase =
PYR +

Staph lugdunensis

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Large GPC in pairs and clusters
morph: STICKY, gray-white, gamma hemolytic
Catalase V
Coagulase =
Microdase =
PYR +

Rothia spp

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GPC in chains
morph: beta hemolytic
Catalase =
PYR +
Bacitracin sensitive (any zone)

Strep pyogenes (Group A)

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GPC in chains
morph: soft beta hemolytic
Catalase =
CAMP + (arrow growth)
Hippurate hydrolysis +

Strep agalactiae (Group B)

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GPC in chains
morph: true alpha, dimpled or mucoid appearance
bile solubility +
Optochin sensitive (> 14mm)

Strep pneumoniae

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GPC pairs or chains
morph: alpha-ish, medium to large gray-white
Catalase =, but can be slow/weak + (pseudo +)
PYR +
Bile esculin +
NaCl +
Vancomycin resistance: acquired

Enterococcus faecium

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GPC pairs or chains
morph: gamma, medium to large gray-white
Catalase =, but can be slow/weak + (pseudo +)
PYR +
Bile esculin +
NaCl +
Vancomycin resistance: acquired

Enterococcus faecalis

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Intrinsic Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)

Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterococcus casseliflavus, Enterococcus flavescens

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GPC in pairs and chains
morph: pinpoint, gamma or weak alpha
Catalase =
PYR =
Bile esculin +
NaCl =

Strep gallolyticus (Group D)
formerly Strep bovis

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GPC in pairs and chains
morph: alpha (but may be gamma), wet or dry
Catalase =
Bile esculin =
NaCl =

Viridians Strep

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GPC in clusters or tetrads
morph: alpha
Catalase =
Bile esculin =
NaCl +
PYR +
LAP =

Aerococcus viridans

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GPC in clusters or tetrads
morph: alpha
Catalase =
Bile esculin =
NaCl +
PYR =
LAP +

Aerococcus urinae

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tiny GPC pairs and chains

morph: alpha, tiny, dry, BUTTERSCOTCH odor

Strep anginosus

Group:
Constellatus
Intermedius
Anginosus

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GPC in pairs and chains
morph: no growth on BAP, only on CHOC (requires pyridoxal or thiol for growth)
PYR +
Satellite Test +

Nutritionally Variant Strep

Unrelated genus in group: Abiotrophia spp and Granulicatella spp

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GNDC
morph: small, round, translucent
no growth on BAP, growth on CHOC and MTM
oxidase +
nitrate =
carb utilization:
glucose +
maltose =
lactose =
sucrose =

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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GNDC
morph: small, round, translucent
growth on BAP, CHOC, and MTM
oxidase +
nitrate =
carb utilization:
glucose +
maltose +
lactose =
sucrose =

Neisseria meningitidis

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GNDC
morph: yellow colonied
growth on BAP, CHOC, and MTM
oxidase +
nitrate =
carb utilization:
glucose +
maltose +
lactose +
sucrose =

Neisseria lactamica

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GNDC
morph: smooth, scoots on agar, "hockey puck" 
growth on BAP, CHOC, and MTM
oxidase +
nitrate +
DNase +
Catarrhalis disk +
carb utilization (asaccharolytic):
glucose =
maltose =
lactose =
sucrose =

Moraxella catarrhalis

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GNCB
morph: no growth on BAP, growth on CHO (mousy odor)
requires growth factor X and V, 5-10% CO2
ALA =
Staph Streak +
non-hemolytic on horse and rabbit blood

Haemophilus influenza

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GNCB
morph: no growth on BAP, growth on CHO
requires growth factor X and V
ALA =
Beta hemolytic on rabbit blood

Haemophilus influenza biogroup aegyptius

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``` GNCB morph: no growth on BAP, growth on CHO requires growth factor V ALA + Beta hemolytic on rabbit blood (variable) ```

Haemophilus parainfluenza

``` GNCB morph: no growth on BAP, growth on CHO requires growth factor X and V ALA = Beta hemolytic on horse and rabbit blood ```

Haemophilus heamolyticus

``` GNCB morph: no growth on BAP, growth on CHO requires growth factor V ALA + Beta hemolytic on horse and rabbit blood ```

Haemophilus parahaemolyticus

``` GNCB - school of fish morph: no growth on BAP, growth on CHO requires growth factor V ALA = non-hemolytic on horse and rabbit blood ```

Haemophilus ducreyi

``` Large GPB boxcar morph: medusa head, ground glass, egg white, nonhemolytic spore-forming Catalase + Nonmotile Lecithinase + No Growth on PEA Bioterrorism agent ```

Bacillus anthracis

``` Large GPB boxcar morph: green, feathery, spreading, beta hemolytic spore-forming Catalase + Motile Lecithinase + Growth on PEA ```

Bacillus cereus

``` GPB or short, plump coccobacilli morph: soft beta hemolytic Catalase + Tumbling motility Bile esculin + Hippurate hydrolysis + Reverse CAMP + (block growth) ```

Listeria monocytogenes

``` GPB - club-shaped, palisading morph: grows on tellurite agar and loeffler media Catalase + Urea = Nitrate + ```

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

``` GPB - club-shaped, palisading morph: gray-white, non-hemolytic Catalase + Urea = Nitrate + P 10 disk resistant ```

Corynebacterium jeikeium

``` GPB - club-shaped, palisading morph: white, pinpoint, non-hemolytic Catalase + Urea + Nitrate + ```

Corynebacterium urealyticum

``` Slender GPB morph: small, greenish discoloration Catalase = Nonmotile H2S + Bile esculin + Nitrate = ```

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

GPB morph: alpha hemolytic Catalase = Seen primarily in urine cultures (normal flora)

Lactobacillus spp

``` Gram variable bacilli morph: pinpoint, nonhemolytic V agar: hemolysis on human blood Starch hydrolysis (purple -> yellow) Catalase = Hippurate hydrolysis + Wet prep: Clue cells (> 20%) ```

Gardnerella vaginalis

``` GPB morph: small, beta-hemolytic Catalase + Reverse CAMP + Lecithinase + ```

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum

GPB - club-shaped, palisading (diphtheroid-like) morph: nonhemolytic, mucoid, turns pink/red/orange after a few days of growth Catalase + Partially acid-fast

Rhodococcus spp

``` GNB morph: shiny, mermaid scales, beta hemolytic, tortilla chip smell MAC: NLF, green colonies Produce pyocyanin fluorescence Oxidase + Motile Nitrate + growth at 42 C ```

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

``` GNB morph: no distinct appearance Produces pyoverdin fluorescence Oxidase + Motile Nitrate = No growth at 42 C Gelatin liquified + ```

Pseudomonas fluorences

``` GNB morph: no distinct appearance Produces pyoverdin fluorescence Oxidase + Motile Nitrate = No growth at 42 C Gelatin liquified = ```

Pseudomonas putida

``` GNB morph: Wrinkled, light yellow or brown Non-fluorescent Oxidase + Motile Nitrate + Variable growth at 42 C Gelatin liquified = ```

Pseudomonas stutzeri

``` GNB morph: smooth, gray, translucent MAC: variable growth Oxidase V Motile Nitrate + Gas from nitrate = No growth at 42 C ```

Burkholderia mallei

``` GNB morph: Round, wrinkled, bright orange to cream MAC: grows well Oxidase + Motile Nitrate + Gas from nitrate + Growth at 42 C ```

Burkholderia pseudomallei

``` GNB morph: yellow, non-fluorescent MAC: dark pink or red Oxidase + Motile Nitrate V Gas from nitrate = Variable growth at 42 C ```

Burkholderia cepacia complex

``` GNB morph: greenish, fruity/green apple smell Oxidase + Motile Nitrate + Asaccharolytic ```

Alcaligenes faecalis

``` GNB morph: non-pigmented Oxidase + Motile Nitriate + Oxidation of xylose ```

Achromobacter xylosoxidans

``` GNB morph: lavender-green discoloration MAC: grows poorly Oxidase + Nonmotile Nitrate = DNase + Bile esculin + ```

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica

``` GNB morph: greenish discoloration, strong ammonia odor Oxidase = Motile LDC + Oxidizes glucose and maltose ```

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

``` GNB morph: gray-white, rotten pumpkin odor Oxidase = Nonmotile LDC = ```

Acinetobacter spp A. baumannii = oxidizes glucose, lactose, maltose A. Iwoffi = asaccharolytic

``` GNB morph: yellow, rough, wrinkled Non-fluorescent Oxidase = Motile LDC = ```

Pseudomonas (Flaviomonas) oryzihabitans

small GNCB morph: convex, granular, yellow w/ opaque zone Catalase = Oxidase V Nitrate + Indole = Ferments glucose, maltose, lactose, sucrose

Aggregatibacter aphrophilus

``` GNB/GNCB morph: small, translucent, adheres to agar Catalase + Oxidase V Nitrate + Indole = Ferments glucose, lactose (variable) Associated with periodontitis ```

Aggregatibacter actinomycetecomitans

``` Pleomorphic bacilli - forms rosettes, dumbbells morph: glistening colonies, adheres to agar Catalase = Oxidase + Nitrate = Indole + Ferments glucose, maltose, sucrose Associated with endocarditis ```

Cardiobacterium hominis

small, straight GNB/GNCB morph: pits the agar, frosty, smells like bleach Catalase = Oxidase + Nonmotile Asacchrolytic Associated with periodontal disease, shooter's abscess, "clench fist injury"/bite wound

Eikenella corrodens

``` GNCB w/ squared ends morph: beta-hemolytic, spready, smooth Catalase = Oxidase + Nitrate = Indole = Ferments glucose, maltose Associated with pediatric patients, bacteremia and osteoarticular infections ```

Kingella spp

``` GN fusiform bacilli morph: gliding, sweaty, moist, molted Catalase = Oxidase = Nitrate V Indole = Ferments glucose, maltose, sucrose Associated with cat/dog bite, female genital infections ```

Capnocytophaga spp

``` GNCB/GNB morph: smooth, gray Catalase + Oxidase + Nitrate + Indole + Ferments glucose Urea = Associated with dog/cat bites scratches, normal oral flora ```

Pasteurella multocida

``` plesiomorphic GNB - thin, loops and coils Hard to culture Nonmotile Rat-bite fever Haverhill fever ```

Streptobacillus moniliformis

``` GNCB - tiny, faint-staining morph: opaque, gray-white, smooth, shiny Catalase = or weak + Oxidase = Beta-lactamase + Staph streak = Bioterrorism agent, turemia ```

Franciscella tularensis

``` GNCB - faint-staining, slow-growing morph: pinpoint on BAP and CHOC Catalase + Oxidase + Urea + (strong urea +, within 2 hrs) Staph streak = Bioterrorism agent, Undulant fever/Malta fever, can infect in unbroken skin ```

Brucella

GNB Staccato/Whooping cough - affects babies < 1 year Catalase + Variable growth on BAP, CHOC, MAC (species specific) Growth on BG agar Growth on Regan-Lowe agar

Bordetella B. pertussis: oxidase +, nonmotile, no growth on BA/MAC/CHOC B. parapertussis: oxidase=, nonmotile, variable growth on MAC B. bronchiseptica: oxidase +, motile, grows on all media

GNB Doesn't grow on BAP, requires L-cystiene for growth Found in water sources: hot tubs, cooling towers, water tanks, plumbing systems, water fountains Legionnaire's disease (up to 30% mortality)/Pontiac Fever (less severe)

Legionella

Slight curved GNB Biochemically inert, commercial ID Trench fever, cat scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis Louse-borne

Bartonella

Spirochete Louse-borne Relapsing Fever Tickborne vector

Borrelia recurrentis

Causes Lyme disease | Bullseye skin lesion

Borrelia burgdorferi

"Walking pneumonia"

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

``` STI Genitourinary Infections Amniotic infections Bacterial vaginosis Associated with reproductive issues ```

Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma spp

Associated with 15-20% of nongonococcal urethritis

Mycoplasma genitalium

Most transmitted STI in US Urogenital disease Ocular trachoma

Chlamydia trachomatis

90% asymptomatic Biphasic: 1st phase: sore throat 2nd phase: pneumonia and bronchitis

Chlamydia pneumoniae

Zoonotic disease Parrot fever Flu-like symptoms

Chlamydia psittaci

GPC morph: sweet, putrid odor Nitrate = Indole = SPS sensitive (greater or equal to 12 mm) Second most common group of anaerobe Obligate anaerobe

Peptostreptococcus (formerly Anaerococcus) anaerobius

Only true GNC morph: Catalase V Nitrate + Colistin: SS Vancomycin: R Kanamycin: SS Normal flora

Veillonella spp

``` GPB morph: small, white Catalase + Nitrate + Indole + ``` Facultative anaerobe Common cause of blood culture contamination

Propionibacterium acnes

``` Small GPB morph: small, gray, translucent Catalase + Nitrate + Indole V ``` Colistin R Vanconmycin SS Kanamycin SS Normal flora of GI tract

Eubacterium lentum

``` GPB - club-shaped, branched or unbranched filaments morph: rough or smooth types Sulphur granules Nitrate + Esculin hydrolysis + ```

Actinomyces israelii

``` GPB morph: rough or smooth colonies, tan pigmentation Nitrate + Urease + Esculin hydrolysis V Aerotolerant ```

Actinomyces naeslundii

GPB morph: red color on CDC after 7-14 days of incubation Nitrate + Microaerophilic

Actinomyces odontolyticus

``` GPB Catalase + Nitrate + Urease + Aerotolerant Associated in dental caries and periodontal disease ```

Actinomyces vicosus

``` small GPB Strict aerobe Catalase = Nitrate = Urease = Esculin hydrolysis = ```

Actinomyces meyeri

``` GPB w/ forked ends Catalase = Nitrate = Indole = Esculin hydrolysis = Aerotolerant/microtolerant ```

Bifidobacterium dentium

``` GNB Non-spore forming Nonmotile 20% bile Colistin: R Vancomycin: R Kanamycin: R ```

Bacteriodes fragilis ``` B. ovatus: catalase +, indole + B. thetaiotaomicron: catalase +, indole + B. fragilis: catalase +, indole = B. distasonis: catalase +, indole = B. uniformis: catalase =, indole + B. vulgatus: catalase =, indole = ```

``` GNB morph: tan to buff, brown-black clonies Brick red under UV light moderately sacchrolytic Colistin: V Vancomycin: R Kanamycin: R ```

Prevotella spp

``` GNB morph: tan to buff, brown-black clonies Brick red under UV light asacchrolytic Colistin: R Vancomycin: SS Kanamycin: R ```

Porphyromonas spp

``` Thin GNB w/ pointed ends morph: speckled, breadcrumb, smooth Indole + 20% bile + Colistin: SS Vancomycin: SS Kanamycin: R ```

Fusobacterium nucleatum

``` Pleomorphic GNB morph: greening of the agar Indole + 20% bile V Lipase + Colistin: SS Vancomycin: SS Kanamycin: R ```

Fusobacterium necrophorum

``` Pleomorphic GNB morph: fried egg colony Indole = 20% bile + Lipase = Esculin + Colistin: SS Vancomycin: SS Kanamycin: R ```

Fusobacterium mortiferum

``` Pleomorphic GNB - short and plump morph: fried egg colony Indole V 20% bile + Colistin: SS Vancomycin: SS Kanamycin: R ```

Fusobacterium varium

``` GPB, spore-forming morph: double zone of beta hemolysis Catalase = Nonmotile Lecithinase + Reverse CAMP + Colistin: R Vancomycin: SS Kanamycin: SS Associate with food poisoning, gas gangrene ```

Clostridium perfringens

GPB morph: medusa head, SWARM in 24-48 hrs Esculin hydrolysis + Associated w/ malignancies: leukemias, lymphomas, carcinomas

Clostridium septicum

GPB morph: ground glass, barn-yard smell CCFA agar: yellow-green growth Associated w/ pseudomembranous colitis Clinically significant for adults, although common in baby flora

Clostridium difficile

GPB - subterminal spores botulism: food-borne, infant "floppy baby", wound Death due to respiratory paralysis and secondary pneumonia

Clostridium botulinum

``` GPB - terminal spores (tennis racket) morph: swarms on CDC Lecithinase = Lipase = Associated w/ lockjaw ```

Clostridium tetani

``` GNB morph: big, circular, gray, moist KIA/TSI A/A*, H2S=Neg, Gas=Pos VP=Neg PDA=Neg Indole=Pos Citrate=Neg Urea=Neg LOA L=Pos A,O=Pos/Neg ONPG=Pos Motile=Pos ```

Escherichia coli

``` GNB KIA/TSI K/A, H2S=Neg, Gas=Neg VP=Neg PDA=Neg Indole=Neg/Pos Citrate=Neg Urea=Neg LOA=Neg VP=Neg ONPG=Neg Motile=Neg ```

Shigella spp S. dysenteriae ONPG =, O+ S. flexneri: ONPG =, O+ S. boydii: ONGP =, O+ S. sonnei: ONPG =, O +

``` KIA/TSI K/A, H2S=Pos, Gas=Pos Indole=Pos Citrate=Neg Urea=Neg LOA L,O=Pos, A=Neg VP=Neg ONPG=Neg Motile=Pos PDA=Neg ```

E tarda

``` KIA/TSI K/A, H2S=Pos, Gas=Pos S. typhi Weak H2S Pos Indole=Neg Citrate=Pos Urea=Neg LOA LO=Pos, A=Pos/Neg VP=Neg ONPG=Neg Motile=Pos PDA=Neg ```

Salmonella

``` KIA/TSI K/A*, H2S=Pos, Gas=Pos C. freundii (K/A or A/A) C. koseri H2S=Neg Indole C. freundii=Neg C. koseri=Pos Citrate=Pos Urea=Pos/Neg LOA A, O=Pos/Neg, L=Neg VP=Neg ONPG=Pos Motile=Pos PDA=Neg ```

Citrobacter

Klebsiella

``` KIA/TSI A/A, H2S=Neg, Gas=Pos+ Indole=Neg Citrate=Pos Urea=Neg LOA E. aerogenes- L,O=Pos A=Neg E. cloacae-A,O=Pos, L=Neg VP=Pos ONPG=Pos Motile=Pos PDA=Neg ```

Enterobacter

``` KIA/TSI K/A, H2S=Neg, Gas=Pos Indole=Neg Citrate=Neg Urea=Neg LOA L,O=Pos A=Neg VP=Pos ONPG=Pos Motile=Pos PDA=Neg ```

Hafnia

``` KIA/TSI K/A, H2S=Neg, Gas=Pos Indole=Neg Citrate=Pos Urea=Neg LOA LO=Pos, A=Neg VP=Pos ONPG=Pos (Slow LF) Motile=Pos PDA=Neg Gel=Pos ```

Serratia

``` KIA/TSI K/A, H2S=Pos, Gas=Pos Indole= V Citrate=Pos/Neg Urea=Pos+ LOA O=Pos L,A=Neg VP=Pos/Neg ONPG=Neg Motile=Pos Seen on nonselective media PDA=Pos Gel=Neg ```

Proteus P. mirabilis: indole = P. vulgaris: indole +

``` KIA/TSI K/A, H2S=Neg, Gas=Pos Indole=Pos Citrate=Neg Urea=Pos+ LOA O=Pos L,A=Neg VP=Neg ONPG=Neg Motile=Pos PDA=Pos ```

Morganella

``` KIA/TSI K/A, H2S=Neg, Gas=Neg Indole=Pos Citrate=Pos Urea P. rettgeri=Pos+ P. stuartii=Neg/Pos LOA LOA=Neg VP=Neg ONPG=Neg Motile=Pos PDA=Pos ```

Providencia

``` KIA/TSI K/A (weak), H2S=Neg, Gas=Neg Indole=Neg Citrate=Neg Urea=Neg LOA LOA=Neg VP=Neg ONPG=Pos Motile=Neg (25 and 36) Colony morphology-beaten copper PDA=Neg ```

Yersinia pestis

``` Y. pseudotuberculosis KIA/TSI K/A, H2S=Neg, Gas=Neg Indole=Neg Citrate=Neg Urea=Pos LOA LOA=Neg VP=Neg ONPG=Pos Motile=Neg at 36° Pos at 22° PDA=Neg ```

Yersinia pesudotuberculosis

``` KIA= K/A, H2S=Neg, Gas=Neg TSI=A/A (Sucrose Pos) Indole=Pos/Neg Citrate=Neg Urea=Pos/Neg LOA O=Pos L,A=Neg VP=Neg ONPG=Pos Motile=Neg at 36° Pos at 22° PDA=Neg ```

Yersinia enterolitica