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Food Tech Gcse > Micronutrients > Flashcards

Micronutrients Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of vitamins called?

A

Fat-soluble vitamins and water-soluble vitamins

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2
Q

What are the functions of vitamin A in the body?

A

Growth, helps vision in dim light, keeps the skin healthy and protects the body as it is an antioxidant

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3
Q

What are the animal sources of vitamin A called and give examples

A

Eggs, oily fish, liver, full-fat milk, butter, cheese, fortified margarines and fat spreads

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4
Q

What are the vegetable sources of vitamin A called and give examples

A

Spinach, carrots, sweet potatoes, red peppers, mangoes and apricots

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5
Q

What are the functions of vitamin D in the body?

A

Prevents bone diseases, helps the body to absorb calcium, develops and maintains bones and teeth and heals broken bones

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6
Q

What are the sources of vitamin D?

A

Sunshine, milk, butter, liver, oily fish, eggs, fortified breakfast cereals and fat spreads

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7
Q

What are the functions of vitamin E in the body?

A

Protects the body as it is an antioxidant and forms red blood cells

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8
Q

What are the sources of vitamin E?

A

Green peas, green beans, broccoli, spinach, vegetable oils and cereal

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9
Q

What are the functions of vitamin K in the body?

A

Helps blood to clot and maintains bone health

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10
Q

What are the sources of vitamin K?

A

Green leafy vegetables e.g. broccoli and spinach, vegetable oils and cereal grains

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11
Q

What happens if we don’t get enough vitamin A?

A

Night blindness

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12
Q

What happens if we get too much vitamin A?

A

Poisonous if eaten in large amounts and pregnant women should avoid foods high in vitamin A

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13
Q

What happens if we don’t get enough vitamin D?

A

Rickets in babies and toddlers and osteoporosis in adults

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14
Q

What happens if we get too much vitamin D?

A

Rare

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15
Q

What happens if we don’t get enough vitamin E?

A

Very rare

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16
Q

What happens if we get too much vitamin E?

A

Loss of appetite

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17
Q

What happens if we don’t get enough vitamin K?

A

Blood may take longer to clot and a very small number of babies suffer bleeding due to lack of vitamin K

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18
Q

What happens if we get too much vitamin K?

A

Rare

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19
Q

What vitamins are water soluble?

A

The B group of vitamins and vitamin C

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20
Q
A
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21
Q

What are the functions of vitamin B1 (thiamin) in the body?

A

Releases energy from food and helps the nervous system

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22
Q

What are the sources of vitamin B1 (thiamin)?

A

Liver, milk, cheese, bread, fortified breakfast cereals, dried fruit, eggs, potatoes, nuts and peas

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23
Q

What are the functions of vitamin B2 (riboflavin) in the body?

A

Helps the body to release energy and keeps skin, eyes, nerves and body issue healthy

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24
Q

What are the sources of vitamin B2 (riboflavin)?

A

Chicken, eggs, milk, fish, yoghurt, leafy vegetables, rice, bread, breakfast cereals and soya beans

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25
What are the functions of vitamin B3 (niacin) in the body?
Helps to release energy from food and keeps skin and nerves healthy
26
What are the sources of vitamin B3 (niacin)?
Meat, fish, flour, eggs and milk
27
What are the functions of folic acid in the body?
Reduces the risk of nervous system faults in unborn babies and works with vitamin B12 to make blood
28
What are the sources of folic acid?
Fortified breakfast cereals, broccoli, brussel sprouts, liver, chickpeas,spinach, asparagus and peas
29
What are the functions of vitamin B12 in the body?
Maintains nerves, makes blood and releases energy
30
What are the sources of vitamin B12?
Meat, eggs, milk, cheese, salmon, cod and fortified breakfast cereals
31
What are the functions of vitamin C in the body?
Makes and maintains healthy connective tissue, helps wounds to heal, helps with the absorption of iron and protects the body as it is an antioxidant
32
What happens if we don’t get enough Vitamin B1?
Beriberi
33
What happens if we get too much Vitamin B1?
No side effects
34
What happens if we don’t get enough vitamin B2?
No side effects
35
What happens if we don’t get enough Vitamin B3?
Pellagra
36
What happens if we get too much Vitamin B3?
Liver damage
37
What happens if we don’t get enough Folic acid?
Spina bifida
38
What happens if we get too much folic acid?
No side effects
39
What happens if we don’t get enough Vitamin B12?
Pernicious anaemia Vegans don’t eat any animal products so they are at risk
40
What happens if we get too much Vitamin B12?
No side effects
41
What happens if we don’t get enough Vitamin C?
Scurvy
42
What happens if we get too much Vitamin C?
Stomach pain and diarroea
43
What vitamins are antioxidants?
Vitamin A, Vitamin C and Vitamin E
44
What are the functions of calcium in the body?
Builds strong bones and teeth, controls muscle function, controls heartbeat and helps blood clotting
45
Sources of calcium
Nuts, bread, fortified cereals, cheese, milk, green leafy vegetables, oily fish, soya and tofu
46
Functions if iron in the body
Makes haemoglobin in red blood cells and carries oxygen around the body
47
Animal sources of iron
Liver, meat and eggs
48
Plant sources of iron
Fortified cereals, bread, green leafy vegetables, nuts and dried fruit
49
Functions of sodium in the body
Maintains water balance in the body
50
Sources of sodium
Cheese, salted nuts, smoked fish, bacon, bread, crisps, ready meals and tinned foods
51
Functions of fluoride in the body
Prevents tooth decay and supports bone health
52
Sources of fluoride
Drinking water, sardines, seafood and tea
53
Functions of iodine in the body
Makes the hormone thyroxine and maintains a healthy metabolic rate
54
Sources of iodine
Red meat, sea fish, shellfish, cereals and grains
55
Functions of phosphorus in the body
Maintains bones and teeth with calcium and releases energy from food
56
Sources of phosphorus
Red meat, dairy foods, fish, poultry, bread, brown rice and oats
57
What happens if we don’t get enough calcium?
Rickets in children and osteoporosis in adults
58
What happens if we get too much calcium?
Stomach pain and diarrhoea
59
What happens if we don’t get enough iron?
Iron deficiency anaemia (more common in girls than boys), shortness of breath, a pale appearance, brittle nails and cracked lips
60
What happens if we get too much iron?
Constipation, feeling sick and stomach pain
61
What happens if we don’t get enough sodium?
Muscle cramps
62
What happens if we get too much sodium?
Increase in blood pressure, stroke and heart attack
63
What happens if we don’t get enough fluoride?
Tooth decay
64
What happens if we get too much fluoride?
Staining and puts develop on the teeth
65
What happens if we don’t get enough iodine?
Goitre
66
What happens if we get too much iodine?
Rare
67
What happens if we don’t get enough phosphorus?
Increased risk of bone fractures
68
What happens if we get too much phosphorus?
Rare
69
Why is water an important part of saliva?
It is needed in order to swallow food
70
What is water an important part of digestion?
In the stomach food mixes with acid and water
71
What percentage of the bloodstream is water?
90%
72
How many litres/glasses of water should people have per day?
2 litres of water/8 glasses of water per day
73
What are the signs of lack of water/dehydration
Dark urine, less urine, headaches, lack of energy and light headedness
74
How can health affect the amount of water you need?
Fever can increase water loss, vomiting and diarrhoea an cause high losses of fluids
75
How does age affect the amount of water you need?
Young children need lots of water relative to their size because they are very active and have a higher surface area of skin compared to adults Older people may have a weaker sense of thirst and if necessary should, be reminded to drink regularly
76
How does gender affect the amount of water you need?
Generally men are slightly bigger than women so they require more water daily
77
How does physical activity affect the amount of water you need?
During the exercise the body sweats to cool down and the longer the exercise the greater the demand to replace lost fluid
78
How does environment affect the amount of water you need?
Hot or humid weather increases sweating and fluid loss
79
How does eating more salty foods affect the amount of water you need?
Salt makes body fluids more concentrated and thus makes us thirsty and we need more water until the excess salt has been removed by the kidneys.
80
What is a healthy diet?
Low in fat, salt, sugar and high in fibre
81
What are the 8 eatwell guide rules
1) Base your meals on starchy foods 2) Eat lots of fruit and vegetables 3) Eat more fish - including a portion of oily fish each week 4) Cut down of saturated fat and sugar 5) Eat less salt - no more than 6g a day 6) Get active and be a healthy weight 7) Don’t get thirsty 8) Don’t skip breakfast
82
83
Give a few ways of saving money
Plan meals in advance to prevent food waste, write a shopping list and stick to it, look out for special offers such as buy one get one free and don’t shop when you’re hungry
84
Why moth people become vegetarian?
They don’t like the idea of eating a dead animal, fish or bird, they think it’s cruel to kill an animal for food, religious reasons, health reasons, economics reasons
85
What are lacto-vegetarians?
People who eat dairy products but will not eat meat, poultry, fish, gelatine, lard and eggs
86
What are lacto-ovo vegetarians?
Will eat eggs and dairy products but will not eat meat, poultry, fish, gelatine and lard
87
What is coeliac disease?
A sensitivity to gluten, when people who are coeliac eat gluten their body attacks their own healthy tissue
88
What is lactose intolerance?
Lactose intolerance means the body cannot digest lactose, which is the sugar in milk
89

Food Tech Gcse (3 decks)

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