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NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY > MICRONUTRIENTS > Flashcards

MICRONUTRIENTS Flashcards

1
Q

What syndrome is characterized by
abnormal muscle twitching and cramps
due to Vitamin D deficiency?

A

Tetany

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2
Q

In infants, Vitamin D deficiency can
result in which of the following?

A

Delayed closing of fontanels

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3
Q

What is a common symptom of
Rickets in children?

A

Pigeon-breasted chest

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4
Q

Which vitamin deficiency is
associated with osteomalacia in adults?

A

Vitamin D

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5
Q

What is a common food source of
Vitamin D?

A

Fatty fish

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6
Q

What is “pigeon-breasted” a
description of?

A

An abnormal chest shape

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7
Q

Which vitamin is known for its
antioxidant function and helps protect
Vitamin A?

A

Vitamin E

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8
Q

What can result from Vitamin E
deficiency?

A

Hemolysis of Red Blood Cells

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9
Q

Which of the following is a source of
Vitamin E?

A

Wheat germ oil

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10
Q

What is Vitamin K necessary for in
the body?

A

Maintains prothrombin levels in
blood

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11
Q

What condition can occur due to
Vitamin K deficiency in newborns?

A

Hemorrhagic disease

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12
Q

What is a common food source of
Vitamin K?

A

Dark green leaves

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13
Q

Which of the following is NOT a
symptom of Vitamin D deficiency?

a) Delayed fontanel closure
b) Rachitic rosary-like chest
c) Soft and deformed bones
d) Hemolysis of red blood cells

A

Hemolysis of red blood cells

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14
Q

Which of the following is NOT a
symptom of Vitamin D deficiency?

A

Hemolysis of red blood cells

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15
Q

What kind of vitamin is Vitamin D?

A

Fat-soluble

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16
Q

What happens to bones in
osteomalacia?

A

They become soft and fragile

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17
Q

Which vitamin helps protect Vitamin
C from oxidation?

A

Vitamin E

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18
Q

What is a good source of Vitamin K?

A

Spinach

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19
Q

Which of the following animals
cannot synthesize vitamin C from
glucose?

A

Humans

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20
Q

What happens to excess vitamin C
after the tissues reach saturation levels?

A

It is excreted from the body

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21
Q

Which cooking practice is
destructive to vitamin C when preparing
vegetables?

A

Using sodium bicarbonate

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22
Q

What is a key symptom of vitamin C
deficiency?

A

Bleeding gums and internal
hemorrhages

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23
Q

Which of the following foods is
highest in vitamin C?

A

Broccoli

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24
Q

Which of the following is a precursor to Vitamin A?

A

Carotene

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25
Q

How is Vitamin A primarily stored in the body?

A

In the liver

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26
Q

What can cause Vitamin A to degrade during cooking?

A

Exposure to oxidation and ultraviolet light

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27
Q

What is a key role of Vitamin A in vision?

A

Helps the eyes adjust to light and darkness

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28
Q

What is a common sign of Vitamin A
deficiency?

A

Night blindness

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29
Q

Which of the following is a symptom
of Vitamin A toxicity?

A

Nausea and vomiting

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30
Q

Which of the following foods is a rich source of preformed Vitamin A?

A

Liver

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31
Q

Which vitamin is also known as Thiamine?

A

B1

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32
Q

What is the primary function of Thiamine (B1)?

A

Carbohydrate metabolism

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33
Q

Which food is an excellent source of
Riboflavin (B2)?

A

Eggs

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34
Q

Which B vitamin is essential for the
conversion of tryptophan into niacin?

A

B6

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35
Q

Niacin deficiency can lead to which
disease?

A

Pellagra

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36
Q

The vitamin known as B1.

A

Thiamine

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37
Q

A classic deficiency disease caused
by a lack of Thiamine.

A

Beriberi

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38
Q

A condition characterized by cracked lips due to Riboflavin deficiency.

A

Cheilosis

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39
Q

A term for the dark scaly skin patches in Pellagra.

A

Bilateral Dermatitis

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40
Q

The B vitamin that helps in fat, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism.

A

Riboflavin (B2)

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41
Q

Enumerate three excellent food sources of Thiamine (B1).

A

Lean pork, liver, whole grains

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42
Q

List the four symptoms of Pellagra.

A

Dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia,
death

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43
Q

Enumerate two types of Beriberi.

A

Wet Beriberi, Dry Beriberi

44
Q

List three animal food sources of Riboflavin (B2).

A

Milk, eggs, liver

45
Q

List two symptoms of Thiamine (B1) deficiency.

A

Loss of appetite, weakness

46
Q

Which vitamin is essential for red and white blood cell formation and DNA/RNA synthesis?

A

Folic Acid

47
Q

What type of vitamin is folic acid?

A

Water-soluble

48
Q

Why is folic acid important during
pregnancy?

A

It reduces the risk of neural tube
defects

49
Q

Which of the following is NOT a good
source of folic acid?

A

Milk

50
Q

Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) is vital for
which bodily function?

A

Red blood cell production

51
Q

What mineral is part of the structure
of cobalamin?

A

Cobalt

52
Q

What can cobalamin deficiency
cause?

A

Pernicious anemia

53
Q

Which food is rich in Vitamin B12?

A

Shellfish

54
Q

What is a key symptom of folate
deficiency?

A

Shortness of breath

55
Q

Which vitamin is important for both
red and white blood cell formation?

A

Folic acid

56
Q

What function does inositol play in
the body?

A

Brain neurotransmitter influence

57
Q

Which of the following is classified
as a pseudo-vitamin?

A

Inositol

58
Q

What is choline essential for?

A

Fat transport and brain function

59
Q

Choline deficiency can lead to which
condition?

A

Fatty liver disease

60
Q

Which of the following is NOT a
source of choline?

A

Apples

61
Q

Inositol has a chemical structure
similar to which molecule?

A

Glucose

62
Q

Folate is required for the synthesis
of which compounds?

A

RNA and DNA

63
Q

Cobalamin helps with which process
in the body?

A

Myelin formation

64
Q

Folic acid is most stable under which
pH conditions?

A

Both A and B

65
Q

What is a common source of
inositol?

A

Beans

66
Q

Which symptom is commonly
associated with Vitamin B12 deficiency?

A

Fatigue

67
Q

Calcium combines with ______ to
form calcium phosphate.

A

Phosphorus

68
Q

It is a vitamin that enhances the
optimum absorption of calcium by
increasing permeability of the intestinal
membrane to calcium.

A

Vitamin D

69
Q

Which of the following are not food
sources of calcium?

A

Cocoa

70
Q

How many percent of magnesium in
the body is present in the bones in
combination with phosphate and
calcium?

A

50%

70
Q

Lack of exercise may cause a loss of
bone calcium and increased ability to
replace it. TRUE OR FALSE

A

False

71
Q

It is the core of chlorophyll molecule,
thus making it important in
photosynthetic reactions in plants

A

Magnesium

72
Q

What magnesium deficiency has
been observed that infants and children
are suffering from?

A

Kwashiorkor

73
Q

A disorder caused by an abnormally
low blood concentration of the essential
mineral magnesium.

A

Hypomagnesmic tetany

74
Q

Which of the following is a function of
sodium?

A

Responsible for maintaining
fluid and acid-base balances

75
Q

What dietary changes are
recommended for people with excess
sodium levels due to hypertension and
kidney disease?

A

Restrict sodium intake

76
Q

Sodium is a ________ cation.

A

Monovalent

77
Q

What are the potential effects of
severe sodium deficiency
(hyponatremia)?

A

Nausea, vomiting, muscle
cramps

78
Q

Where is the majority of potassium
found in the body?

A

Intracellular fluid

79
Q

What is the term for low potassium
levels in the blood?

A

Hypokalemia

80
Q

What is potassium?

A

The principal cation present
within the cells or in the
intracellular fluids

81
Q

How much potassium is
recommended daily for a healthy
person?

A

2 - 6 g

82
Q

Phosphorus is a component of every
cell. What does this mean?

A

Phosphorus plays a critical
role in various cellular
processes.

83
Q

What is the primary effect of
consuming excess elemental
phosphorus?

A

Bone erosion

84
Q

How does phosphorus contribute to
pH regulation in the body?

A

It acts as a buffer, helping to
maintain a stable pH level.

85
Q

Which of the following occupations
is most likely to experience phosphorus
poisoning?

A

Match industry workers

86
Q

Which hormone is iodine responsible
for producing?

A

Thyroid gland – thyroxine

87
Q

How many milligrams (mg) of trace
minerals should be consumed daily?

A

Less than 100 mg

88
Q

Manganese is concentrated in what
vital organs?

A

Kidney and Liver

89
Q

It is considered the 2nd most
common Trace Mineral in the body and
is found in every cell.

A

Zinc

90
Q

It is a medical condition that occurs
when the body loses heat faster than it
can produce it, causing the core body
temperature to drop below the normal
level, typically less than 35°C.

A

Hypothermia

91
Q

What is the recommended dose of
molybdenum for a child aged 1 to 3
years old?

A

17

92
Q

Which of the following is the main
function of Zinc

A

It helps the body fight off infection
by boosting immune cell function

93
Q

An autoimmune condition that
prevents your body from absorbing

A

Pernicious Anemia

94
Q

How many gms of zinc does the body
normally contain?

A

2-5 gms

95
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Goiter, enlargement of the thyroid gland, can occur both in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.

A

True

96
Q

What is the main food source of
molybdenum?

A

Legumes

97
Q

It is the excessive amount of iron in
the body.

A

Hemosiderosis

98
Q

How many milligrams of manganese
are present in an adult body?

A

10-20 mg

99
Q

What medical condition is caused by
insufficient iodine intake of a mother
during pregnancy?

A

Cretinism

100
Q

Which enzyme is part of the formation of melanin pigment in hair and skin?

A

Tyrosinase

101
Q

What is the primary role of iron in
the body?

A

Oxygen transport

102
Q

Which of the following foods is the
best source of heme iron?

A

Beef liver

103
Q

It is a type of iron that is found only
in meat (fish and poultry) and is more efficiently
absorbed by the body

A

Heme iron

104
Q

RUE OR FALSE: Copper is essential in the formation of hemoglobin.

A

True

105
Q

Which food is high in copper
content?

A

Nuts

NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY (1 decks)

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