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NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY > MICRONUTRIENTS > Flashcards

MICRONUTRIENTS Flashcards

1
Q

What syndrome is characterized by
abnormal muscle twitching and cramps
due to Vitamin D deficiency?

A

Tetany

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2
Q

In infants, Vitamin D deficiency can
result in which of the following?

A

Delayed closing of fontanels

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3
Q

What is a common symptom of
Rickets in children?

A

Pigeon-breasted chest

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4
Q

Which vitamin deficiency is
associated with osteomalacia in adults?

A

Vitamin D

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5
Q

What is a common food source of
Vitamin D?

A

Fatty fish

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6
Q

What is “pigeon-breasted” a
description of?

A

An abnormal chest shape

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7
Q

Which vitamin is known for its
antioxidant function and helps protect
Vitamin A?

A

Vitamin E

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8
Q

What can result from Vitamin E
deficiency?

A

Hemolysis of Red Blood Cells

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9
Q

Which of the following is a source of
Vitamin E?

A

Wheat germ oil

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10
Q

What is Vitamin K necessary for in
the body?

A

Maintains prothrombin levels in
blood

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11
Q

What condition can occur due to
Vitamin K deficiency in newborns?

A

Hemorrhagic disease

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12
Q

What is a common food source of
Vitamin K?

A

Dark green leaves

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13
Q

Which of the following is NOT a
symptom of Vitamin D deficiency?

a) Delayed fontanel closure
b) Rachitic rosary-like chest
c) Soft and deformed bones
d) Hemolysis of red blood cells

A

Hemolysis of red blood cells

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14
Q

Which of the following is NOT a
symptom of Vitamin D deficiency?

A

Hemolysis of red blood cells

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15
Q

What kind of vitamin is Vitamin D?

A

Fat-soluble

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16
Q

What happens to bones in
osteomalacia?

A

They become soft and fragile

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17
Q

Which vitamin helps protect Vitamin
C from oxidation?

A

Vitamin E

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18
Q

What is a good source of Vitamin K?

A

Spinach

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19
Q

Which of the following animals
cannot synthesize vitamin C from
glucose?

A

Humans

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20
Q

What happens to excess vitamin C
after the tissues reach saturation levels?

A

It is excreted from the body

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21
Q

Which cooking practice is
destructive to vitamin C when preparing
vegetables?

A

Using sodium bicarbonate

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22
Q

What is a key symptom of vitamin C
deficiency?

A

Bleeding gums and internal
hemorrhages

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23
Q

Which of the following foods is
highest in vitamin C?

A

Broccoli

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24
Q

Which of the following is a precursor to Vitamin A?

A

Carotene

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25
How is Vitamin A primarily stored in the body?
In the liver
26
What can cause Vitamin A to degrade during cooking?
Exposure to oxidation and ultraviolet light
27
What is a key role of Vitamin A in vision?
Helps the eyes adjust to light and darkness
28
What is a common sign of Vitamin A deficiency?
Night blindness
29
Which of the following is a symptom of Vitamin A toxicity?
Nausea and vomiting
30
Which of the following foods is a rich source of preformed Vitamin A?
Liver
31
Which vitamin is also known as Thiamine?
B1
32
What is the primary function of Thiamine (B1)?
Carbohydrate metabolism
33
Which food is an excellent source of Riboflavin (B2)?
Eggs
34
Which B vitamin is essential for the conversion of tryptophan into niacin?
B6
35
Niacin deficiency can lead to which disease?
Pellagra
36
The vitamin known as B1.
Thiamine
37
A classic deficiency disease caused by a lack of Thiamine.
Beriberi
38
A condition characterized by cracked lips due to Riboflavin deficiency.
Cheilosis
39
A term for the dark scaly skin patches in Pellagra.
Bilateral Dermatitis
40
The B vitamin that helps in fat, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism.
Riboflavin (B2)
41
Enumerate three excellent food sources of Thiamine (B1).
Lean pork, liver, whole grains
42
List the four symptoms of Pellagra.
Dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death
43
Enumerate two types of Beriberi.
Wet Beriberi, Dry Beriberi
44
List three animal food sources of Riboflavin (B2).
Milk, eggs, liver
45
List two symptoms of Thiamine (B1) deficiency.
Loss of appetite, weakness
46
Which vitamin is essential for red and white blood cell formation and DNA/RNA synthesis?
Folic Acid
47
What type of vitamin is folic acid?
Water-soluble
48
Why is folic acid important during pregnancy?
It reduces the risk of neural tube defects
49
Which of the following is NOT a good source of folic acid?
Milk
50
Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) is vital for which bodily function?
Red blood cell production
51
What mineral is part of the structure of cobalamin?
Cobalt
52
What can cobalamin deficiency cause?
Pernicious anemia
53
Which food is rich in Vitamin B12?
Shellfish
54
What is a key symptom of folate deficiency?
Shortness of breath
55
Which vitamin is important for both red and white blood cell formation?
Folic acid
56
What function does inositol play in the body?
Brain neurotransmitter influence
57
Which of the following is classified as a pseudo-vitamin?
Inositol
58
What is choline essential for?
Fat transport and brain function
59
Choline deficiency can lead to which condition?
Fatty liver disease
60
Which of the following is NOT a source of choline?
Apples
61
Inositol has a chemical structure similar to which molecule?
Glucose
62
Folate is required for the synthesis of which compounds?
RNA and DNA
63
Cobalamin helps with which process in the body?
Myelin formation
64
Folic acid is most stable under which pH conditions?
Both A and B
65
What is a common source of inositol?
Beans
66
Which symptom is commonly associated with Vitamin B12 deficiency?
Fatigue
67
Calcium combines with ______ to form calcium phosphate.
Phosphorus
68
It is a vitamin that enhances the optimum absorption of calcium by increasing permeability of the intestinal membrane to calcium.
Vitamin D
69
Which of the following are not food sources of calcium?
Cocoa
70
How many percent of magnesium in the body is present in the bones in combination with phosphate and calcium?
50%
70
Lack of exercise may cause a loss of bone calcium and increased ability to replace it. TRUE OR FALSE
False
71
It is the core of chlorophyll molecule, thus making it important in photosynthetic reactions in plants
Magnesium
72
What magnesium deficiency has been observed that infants and children are suffering from?
Kwashiorkor
73
A disorder caused by an abnormally low blood concentration of the essential mineral magnesium.
Hypomagnesmic tetany
74
Which of the following is a function of sodium?
Responsible for maintaining fluid and acid-base balances
75
What dietary changes are recommended for people with excess sodium levels due to hypertension and kidney disease?
Restrict sodium intake
76
Sodium is a ________ cation.
Monovalent
77
What are the potential effects of severe sodium deficiency (hyponatremia)?
Nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps
78
Where is the majority of potassium found in the body?
Intracellular fluid
79
What is the term for low potassium levels in the blood?
Hypokalemia
80
What is potassium?
The principal cation present within the cells or in the intracellular fluids
81
How much potassium is recommended daily for a healthy person?
2 - 6 g
82
Phosphorus is a component of every cell. What does this mean?
Phosphorus plays a critical role in various cellular processes.
83
What is the primary effect of consuming excess elemental phosphorus?
Bone erosion
84
How does phosphorus contribute to pH regulation in the body?
It acts as a buffer, helping to maintain a stable pH level.
85
Which of the following occupations is most likely to experience phosphorus poisoning?
Match industry workers
86
Which hormone is iodine responsible for producing?
Thyroid gland -- thyroxine
87
How many milligrams (mg) of trace minerals should be consumed daily?
Less than 100 mg
88
Manganese is concentrated in what vital organs?
Kidney and Liver
89
It is considered the 2nd most common Trace Mineral in the body and is found in every cell.
Zinc
90
It is a medical condition that occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can produce it, causing the core body temperature to drop below the normal level, typically less than 35°C.
Hypothermia
91
What is the recommended dose of molybdenum for a child aged 1 to 3 years old?
17
92
Which of the following is the main function of Zinc
It helps the body fight off infection by boosting immune cell function
93
An autoimmune condition that prevents your body from absorbing
Pernicious Anemia
94
How many gms of zinc does the body normally contain?
2-5 gms
95
TRUE OR FALSE: Goiter, enlargement of the thyroid gland, can occur both in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
True
96
What is the main food source of molybdenum?
Legumes
97
It is the excessive amount of iron in the body.
Hemosiderosis
98
How many milligrams of manganese are present in an adult body?
10-20 mg
99
What medical condition is caused by insufficient iodine intake of a mother during pregnancy?
Cretinism
100
Which enzyme is part of the formation of melanin pigment in hair and skin?
Tyrosinase
101
What is the primary role of iron in the body?
Oxygen transport
102
Which of the following foods is the best source of heme iron?
Beef liver
103
It is a type of iron that is found only in meat (fish and poultry) and is more efficiently absorbed by the body
Heme iron
104
RUE OR FALSE: Copper is essential in the formation of hemoglobin.
True
105
Which food is high in copper content?
Nuts

NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY (1 decks)

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