Micronutrients

Question 1

fat soluble vitamins

Answer 1

ADEK
stored effectively in the body
require absorption of fat
potentially toxic when consumed in excess

Question 2

do fat soluble vitamins need to be supplemented every day

Answer 2

no

Question 3

what is a reason fat soluble vitamins may be deficient

Answer 3

if normal fat absorption is not taking place

Question 4

water soluble vitamins

Answer 4

not stored effectively
daily intake is required
often urinated out of the body
hard to be toxic

Question 5

this deficiency may be seen with chronic GI disease
most of this vitamin is made by the gut microflora
if there is hepatic dysfunction and malabsorption, this deficiency may take place

what are the clinical signs?

Answer 5

vitamin k deficiency, poor blood coagulation

Question 6

this vitamin is important for carbohydrate metabolism
it can be inactivated by heat

what vitamin and what are the clinical signs?

Answer 6

vitamin b, thiamine, decreased appetite, kidney disease

Question 7

this deficiency is often associated with ileum or pancreas dysfunction

Answer 7

cobalamin deficiency (B12)

Question 8

what does b12 absorption in the ileum require

Answer 8

intrinsic factor

Question 9

this deficiency can lead to poor bone and cartilage formation

Answer 9

calcium deficiency

Question 10

this deficiency involved crusted lesions on mucosal surfaces

Answer 10

zinc

Question 11

this deficiency involves chronic blood loss and may be due to parasitism or anemia

Answer 11

iron

Question 12

this vitamin in excess causes defects in bone remodeling

Answer 12

vitamin a

Question 13

this is needed for calcium metabolism and in excess it causes hypercalcemia

Answer 13

vitamin d

Question 14

vitamin d in cats and dogs

Answer 14

it must be supplemented, cannot be gained through sunlight

Question 15

this vitamin protects PUFAs from free radical attack. in excess, what does it cause

Answer 15

vitamin e excess interferes with vitamin k metabolism

Question 16

overconsumption of calcium

Answer 16

especially worrisome in large breed dogs, can lead to orthopedic diseases and limb deformities

Question 17

red coat disease

Answer 17

copper deficiency; copper is a cofactor for melanin

Question 18

cats cannot synthesize ______ from tryptophan, so it must be supplemented

Answer 18

niacin

Question 19

cats have high dietary requirements for B6, otherwise known as

Answer 19

pyridoxine

Question 20

cats cannot convert beta carotene to _____ and this is example as to why they are obligate carnivores

Answer 20

vitamin a

Question 21

what deficiency may occur when sweet clover hay gets moldy? what are the clinical signs

Answer 21

vitamin k deficiency; coumarins are converted to dicumarol which is anticoagulant and causes hemorrhage

Question 22

this deficiency can lead to neurological signs; why

Answer 22

thiaminase is produced by microbes in the rumen and can lead to a vitamin B deficiency causing circling, nystagmus, head pressing, wandering

Question 23

this deficiency can lead to low feed intake, reduced productivity and rough haircoats in cows; can also be coupled with chloride deficiency

Answer 23

salt deficiency

Question 24

this can cause weakness and depression and a reduction of feed intake by cows

Answer 24

potassium deficiency

Question 25

this can lead to swollen joints, fractures, bone malformation in growing animals and lactating cows

Answer 25

calcium deficiency

Question 26

grass tetany is a main sign and this deficiency is coupled with an increase in potassium and nitrogen

Answer 26

magnesium deficiency

Question 27

this deficiency is common in piglets

Answer 27

iron deficiency

Question 28

white muscle disease causes the degeneration of cardiac and skeletal muscle; what deficiency is this due to and how can it be dealt with

Answer 28

selenium deficiency; injection with vitamin e because it helps capture free radicals

Question 29

this can lead to birth of an animal with goiter and lack of thyroid hormone with glandular enlargement

Answer 29

iodine deficiency

Question 30

alkali staggers can result in a loss of hair, stumbling, and impaired vision due to

Answer 30

selenium toxicity (excess)

Question 31

hemoglobinuria, acute hemolysis and jaundice are due to this; how can it be treated

Answer 31

copper toxicity, give a 10:1 ratio of MO:Cu