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CHN > MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY > Flashcards

MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY Flashcards

1
Q

vision, maintenance of healthy skin cells, growth and development, fights infections, boosts the immune system

A

VITAMIN A
(retinol)

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2
Q

5 Vitamin A deficiencies

A
  1. Night blindness
  2. Bitot’s Spots- foamy whitish lesions found in the cornea
  3. Corned ulceration / scarring
  4. Scaly and dry skin
  5. Xeropthalmia- inability to produce tears
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3
Q

Vitamin A rich foods

A
  1. Yellow or orange fruits and vegetables: squash, carrots, papaya, mangoes
  2. Some green vegetables: Alugbati, spinach, malunggay, kangkong, saluyot, kamote tops
  3. Animal sources: eggs, chicken meat
  4. Processed foods: cheese, fortified milk
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4
Q

Vitamin A supplementation
Children every?

A

6 months

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5
Q

Vitamin A dosage Children 6-11 months

A

100,000 IU [blue color]

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6
Q

Vitamin A dosage Children 12-71 months

A

200,000 IU [red color]

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7
Q

when not to give Vitamin A?

A
  1. During 1st Trimester [organogenesis is developing, more Vitamin A maay lead to embryonic fetal defect and abn. fetal development]
  2. During 4 months when the mother is already taking Vitamin A
  3. Postpartum do not give within 4 weeks [to prevent teratogenic effects]
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8
Q

when should Vitamin A be given?

A
  1. Pregnant mother [2x/week] = 10,000 IU
  2. At 4 moths when the mother is not yet taking Vitamin A
  3. Within 6-8 months postpartum and the involution has returned = 200,000 IU
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9
Q

Example of STAPLE FOODS covered in the Philippine Food Fortification Program (Food Fortification Law) or the RA 8976

A
  1. RICE w/ Iron
  2. SUGAR w/ Vit. A
  3. COOKING OIL w/ Vit. A
  4. FLOUR w/ Iron & Vit. A
  5. SALT w/ Iodine
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10
Q

Example of PROCESSED FOODS covered in the Philippine Food Fortification Program (Food Fortification Law) or the RA 8976

A
  1. Noodles
  2. Snacks
  3. Foods
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11
Q

Look for when looking for fortified food items.

A

SANGKAP PINOY SEAL PROGRAM

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12
Q

Food Fortification Law

A

RA 8976

Mandatory fortification of processed foods: noodles, snack foods w/ iron and vit. A

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13
Q

When looking for fortified food items look for

A

SANGKAP PINOY SEAL

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14
Q

SANGKAP PINOY RICH FOODS PREVENT P-V-I-I

A

Deficiency in
1. Protein,
2. Vit A,
3. Iron and
4. Iodine

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15
Q

Use in the production of hemoglobin, a protein component of RBCs that carries oxygen.

A

IRON

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16
Q

Deficiency in Iron is called?

A

10 Anemia

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17
Q

s/sx of Iron Deficiency

A
  1. fatigue
  2. SOB
  3. pale skin
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18
Q

Total Iron loss during pregnancy

A

500mg

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19
Q

Average monthly blood loss and iron loss

A

45mL blood; 22mg iron

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20
Q

Daily iron loss

A

1mg / daily

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21
Q

ANEMIA ASSESSMENT

Iron Deficiency:
1. VIRSON PLUMMER’S SYNDROME

A

a. Stomatitis
b. Dysphagia
c. Atrophic Glossitis [rough and sore tongue]

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22
Q

Iron Deficiency: 2.CHEILOSIS

A

dry cracked lips

23
Q

Iron Deficiency: 3.KOILONYCHIA

A

spoon-shaped finger nails/concave

24
Q

Iron Deficiency: 4.PICA

A

craving of non-edible substances

25
Q

6.TINNITUS

A

ringing in the ears

26
Q

6.CARDIOVASCULAR

A

-SOB
-Tachycardia
-Chest pain

27
Q

IRON RICH FOODS

A
  1. red meat
  2. beans
  3. legumes
  4. fortified cereals
  5. whole grains
  6. fortified grain products
  7. egg yolk
  8. organ meats
  9. green leafy vegs
  10. raisin
  11. dried fruits
28
Q

Ferrous sulfate when should be taken?

A

After meals to prevent ulcer/ GI upset

29
Q

Ferrous Glutamate when should be given?

A

Before meals, does not cause GI upset

30
Q

Parenteral management DOC?

A

IRON DEXTRAN aka INFERON

31
Q

INFERON / IRON DEXTRAN

A

-via z-track method to prevent permanent straining of the skin
- don’t massage injection site to prevent leakage into the skin tissue

32
Q

NI for ORAL LIQUID IRON

A

-use straw prevent staining
-dont admin with tea, milk, antacid [prevent iron absorption]
-vit c to increase iron absorption
-color of stool- black is normal
-iron causes constipation, must increase OFI

33
Q

Thyroid uses iodine to produce

A

T3, T4, Calcitonin

34
Q

basal metabolic rate

A

T3

35
Q

body heat regulation

A

T4

36
Q

inhibit Calcium absorption

A

Calcitonin

37
Q

everything is high and fast

A

Hyperthyroidism- Hypocalcemia

38
Q

everything is low and slow

A

Hypothyroidism- Hypercalcemia

39
Q

5 results of Iodine deficiency

A
  1. Goiter
  2. Cretinism [child], Myxedema [adult]
  3. Birth defects
  4. Cleft palate
  5. Malnutrition/ Mental retardation

Normal IQ= 90-110

40
Q

iodine rich food

A
  1. iodized salt
  2. saltwater fish
  3. seafood
  4. milk
  5. cheese
  6. egg
  7. yogurt
  8. fortified grain products
41
Q

2 capsules of iodine must be taken per month to prevent

A

Iodine Defeciency Cretinism / Myxedema

42
Q

Salt Iodization Law [ASIN LAW]

A

RA 8172

Approved on Dec. 20, 1995 by Fidel V. Ramos

43
Q

Characterized by severe deficiency of protein in children, fluid retention, swelling of extremities and abdominal distention

A

KWASHIORKOR

44
Q

characterized by severe deficiency of ALL nutrients and insufficient intake of calorie

A

MARASMUS

45
Q

best sources of PROTEIN

A
  1. Fish
  2. Lean meat
  3. Libido
  4. Rice
46
Q

Vit C def

A

Scurvy [bleeding of gums]

47
Q

Vit D def

A

Adult- Osteomalacia
Children- Rickets

joint pain and softening of bones

48
Q

Vit E def

A

Ataxia [uncoordinated body movements and mild hemolytic anemia where RBCs are destroyed]

49
Q

Vit K def

A

bleeding tendencies

50
Q

B1

A

THIAMINE

BERI-BERI [diff. of walking, paralysis of extremities]

51
Q

B2

A

RIBOFLAVIN

Cheilosis/ Stomatitis

52
Q

B3

A

NIACIN

Pellagra: dark scaly skin rash

53
Q

B6

A

PYRIDOXINE

dermatitis, glossitis, microcytic anemia [small RBCs- insufficient hgb]

54
Q

B12

A

COBALAMINE

Pernicious Anemia [red-beefy tongue]

CHN (1 decks)

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