Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Adult Restorative > Microflora of Dental Plaque and other oral sites > Flashcards

Microflora of Dental Plaque and other oral sites Flashcards

1
Q

What is colonisation resistance

A

This is the function of the normal flora that acts to exclude pathogens from it and so protects the host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are opportunistic pathogens

A

These can become pathogenic and attack the host under certain circumstances when the resistance of the host is reduced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the features of the teeth that allow it to be a microbial habitat

A
  • Only body site with hard, non shedding surfaces for colonisation
  • Allows accumulation of a lot of bacteria and their extracellular products (plaque)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What sites on a tooth are good for bacteria to accumulate on

A

Approximal plaque - between the teeth
Fissure plaque in the crevices between cusps
Gingival crevice plaque

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why are the approximal areas and gingival crevice regions able to support a more diverse microbial community

A

These areas provide protection from adverse conditions and both are anaerobic, gingival crevice bathed in gingival crevicular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why can the smooth surfaces of teeth only be colonised by a limited number of adapted bacterial species

A

These surfaces are more exposed to environmental forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How are pits and fissures on teeth adapted to allow colonisation by bacteria

A

these offer protection from the environment and are associated with the largest microbial communities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a habitat for micro-organisms on the dorsum of the tongue

A

papillary surfaces - fungi, filiform and foliate papillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is the tongue crypt adapted for microbial growth (i think this is the space below the tongue)

A

These crypts have a low redox potential and may acts as a reservoir for some of the gram negative anaerobes implicated in periodontal disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What variables of saliva can influence caries susceptibility

A

Flow and ion content of the saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the major organic constituents of saliva

A

Proteins and glycoproteins (e.g. mucin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the role of glycoproteins in the saliva

A

Glycoproteins influence aggregation and adhesion of bacteria to oral surfaces, interact with other salivary components and immune defences and act as a primary source of nutrients for normal microflora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the role of urea and free amino acids in the saliva

A

Metabolism of these and other peptides can lead to pH rise , that helps to counteract acid production after intake of carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do serum components reach the mouth

A

via the GCF - gingival crevicular fluid through the junctional epithelium of the gingiva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How can the GCF affect the ecology of the mouth

A

GCF flow can physically remove non-adherent microbial cells and act as a nutrient source for micro-organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the role of lysozymes in saliva

A

Lysozyme in saliva hydrolyses peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does lactoferrin do in the mouth

A

This a glycoprotein that has a high affinity to iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the role of the salivary peroxidase system

A

Generates inhibitors of bacterial glycolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Name a type of antimicrobial peptides

A

Histidine rich proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What acts as a barrier to penetrating antigens in the oral mucosa

A

Intra-epithelial lymphocytes
Langerhans cells
IgA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does secretory IgA do in the mouth

A

Agglutinates bacteria
Modulates enzyme activity
Inhibits adherence of bacteria to buccal epithelium and enamel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What components of the immune system does GCF contain

A

IgF, IgM, IgA, complement and neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are some of the most common cultivable organisms in the adult oral cavity

A

Gram positive facultative cocci:
- Streptococci
- Staphylococci
Gram negative anaerobic rods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where can you find the streptococcus bacteria in the mouth

A

At all sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What can many streptococci bacteria produce
Extracellular polysaccharides that are associated with plaque formation
26
Where are mutans streptococci regularly isolated from
From dental plaque but has low prevalence on sound enamel
27
What are mutans streptococci a common aetiology of
Enamel caries in children and young adults Root surface caries in the elderly Nursing caries in infants
28
What are the streptococcus salivarius group involved in
More in health than disease
29
What are the 2 types of streptococcus salivarius and where are they mainly isolated from
S. salivarius - Common isolate from most areas esp. mucosal surfaces S. vestibularis - isolated mainly from the vestibular mucosa of the mouth
30
What are the streptococcus milleri group involved in
Opportunistic infections
31
Name some types of streptococcus milleri and where are these isolated from
S. constellatus, S. intermedius and S. anginosus - Readily isolated from dental plaque and mucosal surfaces
32
What are the streptococcus orals group mainly involved in
Opportunistic infections
33
Name some types of streptococcus oralis and where are the frequently isolated from
S. sanguinis S. gordonii Isolated frequently from infective endocarditis
34
Where can other streptococci like peptostreptococcus be isolated from
Dental plaque esp. in advanced periodontitis, carious dentin, infected pulp chambers and root canals, and dental abscesses
35
Name an enterococcus bacteria and where they are usually isolated from
E. Faecalis | Often involved in root canal infections
36
Where are staphylococci often found
On the skin
37
Where are gram positive rods and filaments commonly isolated from
Dental plaque
38
What can a facultative bacteria do
Grow in aerobic and anaerobic conditions
39
Where can actinomyces be found most commonly
In the plaque microflora and esp. at approximal sites and can colonise gingival crevice
40
What is actinomycosis
When A. Israelii acts as an opportunistic pathogen and the organism can transfer from the plaque and sets up an infection elsewhere in the body
41
What kind of bacteria are eubacterium
These are gram positive rods that are obligate anaerobes
42
Where are eubacterium mostly found
In the sub gingival plaque esp. in periodontitis | Often isolated from infections head, neck and lungs as well
43
What kind of bacteria are lactobacillus
Gram positive rods?
44
Name the main feature of the lactobacillus bacteria
Very acidogenic organisms
45
What kind of bacteria are propionibacterium
Obligate anaerobes - gram positive
46
What kind of bacteria are neisseria
Aerobic gram negative cocci - early colonisers of a clean tooth surface
47
What kind of bacteria are veillonella
Strict anaerobic gram negative cocci
48
Where are veillonella mostly found
Most surfaces in mouth and found most commonly in dental plaque
49
What do veillonella use as energy sources
They don't metabolise carbohydrates and utilise intermediary metabolites like lactate
50
What does saccharolytic mean
Involving the hydrolysis of sugars
51
What are porphyromonas bacteria mainly involved in
chronic adult periodontitis
52
What is a virulent bacteria
Produces lots of potent enzymes and toxins
53
Name some organisms that are very involved in chronic periodontitis
- Porphyromonas Gingivalis | - Prevotella spp.
54
Name some black pigmented gram negative rods
Porphyromonas spp. | Prevotella spp
55
Name some types of prevotella bacteria and where they are isolate from
P. intermedia P. denticola Isolated from dental plaque esp. sub-gingival sites
56
What are gram negative rods prevotella associated with
Periodontal disease and abscesses.
57
What type of bacteria is fusobacterium
Gram negative rods that are asaccharolytic
58
Where are fusobacterium found in dental plaque and what is it associated with
It is a bridging bacteria between colonisers and later adhesives Associated with gingivitis and periodontitis
59
What kind of bacteria are spirochaetes
Anaerobic gram negative rods
60
What are spirochaetes associated with
periodontal disease
61
What makes up the largest portion of the oral fungal flora
Candida albicans
62
How common is C.albicans fungi
About 50% of the population
63
What are some of the viruses that can be present in the oral cavity
Herpes simplex (type 1) - most common Cytomegalovirus Hepatitis B/C and HIV Coxsackie virus and papilloma

Adult Restorative (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions