Microcomputer and Microprocessor Theory

Question 1

What is DSP

Answer 1

Digital Signal Processing (DSP) is the use of digital computation to perform a wide variety of signal processing operations. Signals can include audio, video, temperature, pressure, or any other form of data that can be represented as a sequence of numbers. DSP involves the following key components and steps:

Signal Sampling: Converting a continuous signal into a discrete signal by taking samples at regular intervals.
Quantization: Approximating each sample value to the nearest value within a finite set of levels.
Digital Processing: Applying various algorithms and mathematical operations to manipulate the signal. This can include filtering, compression, error detection and correction, feature extraction, etc.
Reconstruction: Converting the processed digital signal back into an analog signal, if necessary.

Question 2

8085 Functional Units

Answer 2

1. Register / Memory Unit.
2. Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU).
3. Instruction Decoder Unit.
4. Timing And Control Unit.
5. Interrupts, And, The Serial
   Communication Unit

Question 3

CPU Instruction Cycle/Operation Techniques

Answer 3

Fetch: fetches the instruction from RAM
Decode: Breaking instructions into Machine language
Execute: Perform the operation
Store: Export processed result

Question 4

8085 Features

Answer 4

1. 8 Bits processor
2. can access up to16Bit program counter registers
3. Can address up to 64kbs memory
4. Has a 6 Register 8bit General Purpose registers; BCDEHL
5. Supports up to 5 Hardare interrupts and 8 Software interrupts
6. 40Pins
7. 8 Bits Data Bus ie word length

Question 5

Interrupt

Answer 5

Interrupts are signals triggered by external devices or program instructions during realtime to pause the current activity of the processor

Question 6

Bus

Answer 6

A group of wires through which data, address and control signals are exchanged between the Microprocessor and other hardware components in order to perform program instructions.

1. Address Bus: The 8085 microprocessor has a 16bits bi-directional address bus for accessing and exchanging data between CPU and RAM
2. Data Bus: The 8085 processor has 8 data Buses for controlling flow of data in and out of the CPU
3. Control Bus: for sending controls to hardware and peripherals

Question 7

Microprocessor

Answer 7

The brain of a Micro Computer. A single chip capable of processing data

Question 8

Components of a microcontroller

Answer 8

Microcontroller is a single chip device that can perform a computational. Contains
I/O
Storage
Microprocessor/CPU

Question 9

Characteristics of DSP

Answer 9

Real-Time Processing:
Capable of processing data in real-time, ensuring that input signals are processed and output in a timely manner.
High Throughput:
Designed to handle large amounts of data quickly, with capabilities to perform millions of instructions per second (MIPS).
Low Latency:
Optimized for minimal delay between input and output, which is critical for applications like audio and video processing.
Power Efficiency:
Many DSPs are designed to consume less power while maintaining high performance, making them suitable for portable and battery-powered devices.
Flexibility and Programmability:
Allows developers to implement a wide range of signal processing algorithms and applications through software, enabling updates and optimizations without changing the hardware.