Microbiome-Based Therapeutics Flashcards
What does FMT stand for?
Faecal Microbiota Transplantation
What is FMT often used to treat?
Clostridium Difficile Infection
What is out gut microbiome?
The collective genome in the gut ecosystem
What is our gut microbiota?
The vast array of microbes inhabiting the GI tract
How is microbiota diversity associated with a wide range of diseases?
A decreased diversity is associated
In what ways is FMT an effective microbiome-altering treatment?
- production of beneficial metabolites (SCFA & Secondary bile acid production)
- Colonisation resistance
- Establishment of replicating self-sustaining species
What is C. Difficile
A spore-forming anaerobic, toxin producing intestinal pathogen
What was the name of the first FDA approved FMT for treatment of C. Difficile infection (CDI)?
Rebyota
For what ages was Rebyota approved?
18 and over
What are the most commonly reported adverse reactions of Rebyota?
abdominal pain, diarrhoea, abdominal distention, flatulence, nausea
What are the main concerns of FMT?
Pathogen transmission
What are the two most abundant species in the colon?
Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes
Apart from Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, name three other species present in the colon
Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria
Name a type of Firmicutes
Lactobacillus
Describe an action in the gut of Lactobacillus
Engages with mucosal immune system and in the metabolisation of trytophan( contributing to serotonin production)
What do Bacteroidetes do?
- Catabolise complex polysaccharides
- Contribute to colonisation resistance
An increase in what gut species is a signature of dysbiosis?
Proteobacteria
Bifidobacterium belongs to wha family of gut species?
Actinobacteria
What does Bifidobacterium do?
Stimulate T-cells in the colon
What are the 3 main microbiome therapeutics?
Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics
What are the treatment alternative to FMT?
- Diet & Prebiotics
- Symbiotic - microbial consortia
- Engineered Symbiotic Bacteria
- Microbiota derived proteins and metabolites
Name two microbiota derived proteins and metabolites
SCFA & Secondary bile acids
How can the gut microbiota alter pharmacological drugs?
By
- degrading the drug
- activating the drug
- modulating host enzymes
What are the two primary chemical mechanisms of how the gut microbiota alter drug metabolism?
Hydrolytic reactions and reductive reactions
