Microbiome Flashcards
What level of infection results from normal microbiota infecting patients?
About 1.6 million annual infections occur due to microbiota infecting
What ratio of organisms and genes in bacteria relative to person exist?
There are about 10x the number of microbes compared to human cells; there are about 535 bacterial genes to 1 human gene
What types of events are the result of healthy microbiome reactions in the gut?
Intact intestinal barriers, Vitamin K production, resistance to pathogenic species, good motility
What types of events are the result of perturbed microbiome reactions in the gut?
Increased intestinal permeability, metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and decreased motility
What is the process by which the microbiome develops in the gut?
Babies first receive bifiobacteria from breastmilk, which inhibits early pathogens. As solids appear in the diet, bacetoides, fimacutes, actinobacteria, fusobacteria and proteobacteria appear
What is the change in the microbiome with diabetes?
As obesitiy increases, bacteroides decrease. Onset of diabetes induces increase of firmicutes which involves an increase in inflammatory cytokines and insulin resistance; S. aureus also increases on the skin
What types of systemic problems occur when microbiota have problems?
T-cells do not develop properly, Type II diabetes continues, sleep patterns are affected, dementia rate increases, IBS and MS can occur
What is the role of the vaginal microbiota? What can occur if the microbiota is disrupted?
Lactobacilli maintain an acidic environment to reduce the level of pathogenic bacteria. Menstruation induces an increase in pH and antibiotics can kill protective bacteria. Result can be candidal infection or bacterial vaginosis
What is the role of the pharyngeal microbiome?
Alpha hemolytic strep inhibits pathogenic strep colonization, but if oral microbiota enter the blood stream they can have pathologic effects
What are some of the neurological results of the microbiome?
UTIs can induce mental changes in nursing care facilities and positive microbiota produce peptidoglycan products that promote sleep
What are microbial concerns common in developing nation and what is the onus of disease burden?
Higher family size, lower sanitation, higher bacteria load, a high carb diet, and a high orofecal burden increase the level of infectious disease
What are microbial concerns common in developed nations and what is the onus of disease burden?
Lower family size, higher sanitation, lower pathogen load, and animal fat and proteins lead to an increase in allergic disease and autoimmunity
