microbiology quiz for chapter 1

Question 1

what is a hypothesis

Answer 1

a hypothesis is a testable explanation of an observation

Question 2

what is the importance of Louis Pasteur

Answer 2

developed a microbial control technique for preserving food and liquid and demonstrated air is filled with microorganisms

ended arguments that unheated air or broths contained “vital force” necessary for spontaneous generation

Question 3

what is a domain

Answer 3

a domain is the highest level of education

Question 4

eukaryote vs prokaryote

Answer 4

Eukaryote an organism characterized by having cells containing membrane bound DNA.

Prokaryote an organism characterized by having a cell lack a membrane bound nucleus

Question 5

what did christain gram develop

Answer 5

Christian gram developed staining method for differentiating between groups of bacteria

Question 6

define spontaneous generation

Answer 6

Belief that life arises spontaneously from non-living material

Question 7

what is a prion

Answer 7

a prion is an infectious agent consisting of only protein that infect animals

Question 8

why are microrganisms useful to study in higher life

Answer 8

Microorganisms have the same fundamental genetic properties.

Microorganisms multiply quickly.

Microorganisms have the same basic metabolic mechanisms.

Microorganisms are cheaper to study.

Question 9

what is the difference between prokaryotes and eukayotes ?

Answer 9

Organism composed of one or more eukaryotic cells; members of the domain Eukarya are eukaryotes.

prokaryotes are single celled organisms that does not contain a membrane bound nucleus.

Question 10

what are the three different domains that all living organisms are classified into

Answer 10

Bacteria which are prokaryotes

Archaea are prokaryotes

Eukarya which are eukaryotes

Question 11

what are the acellular infectious agents

Answer 11

the acellular infectious agents are viruses viroids and prions

Question 12

describe the characteristic of bacteria

Answer 12

bacteria are unicellular and prokaryotic

bacteria has no mebrane bound organelles

bacteria has ribosomal sequences unique to the group and has peptidoglycan in cell wall

Question 13

describe the characteristics of archaea

Answer 13

the cell type is prokaryotic
it is unicellular
no membrane bound organelles

no peptiglyicodan in cell wall
and has some ribosmal sequences unique to the group

Question 14

define the normal microbiota

Answer 14

The group of microorganisms that colonize the body surfaces but do not usually cause disease.

Question 15

what are similarities between archaea and bacteria

Answer 15

archaea and bacteria are single celled prokaryotic that multiply the process of binary fission.

Question 16

what are the characteristics of algae

Answer 16

eukaryotic
unicellular
multicellular
photosynthetic

Question 17

define protozoa

Answer 17

protozoa are a large group of non photosynthetic single celled eukaryotes that are found both in both terrestial and aquatic environments

Question 18

why are viruses are not microorganisms

Answer 18

viruses are not microorganisms because they are composed of cells

Question 19

Microbe also includes

Answer 19

microbe include viruses and viruses are unable to replicate on their own and do not carry out metabolic reasons and not considered to be organisms.

Question 20

how are archaea similar to bacteria

Answer 20

energy sources used

prokaryotic cell structure

shapes and sizes

method of multiplication

Question 21

define algae

Answer 21

algae are photosynthetic eukaryotes that includes the multicelluar seaweeds and many single celled forms

Question 22

who is carl linneaus

Answer 22

scientific names are assigned according to the binomial system of nomenclature developed by carl lineaus

Question 23

describe the characteristics of viruses

Answer 23

viruses are acellular
viruses are nonliving
viruses consist of nucleic acid and protein

Question 24

what is spontaneous generation

Answer 24

life arose from nonliving matter

Question 25

what did john needleman produce

Answer 25

john needleman produced results that supported spontaneous generation when he showed that broths that had been boiled and sealed with a cork could still give rise to organisms

Question 26

what are endospores

Answer 26

tyndall and cohn experiment in the 1870s showed the presence of a heat resistant form of bacteria called endospores

Question 27

what is the germ theory of disease

Answer 27

the principle that microorganism cause certain diseases is called the germ theory of disease

Question 28

what are the benefits of normal microbia

Answer 28

normal Microbia is that they aid in digestion by help degrading foods we could otherwise could digest

they compete with pathogens thereby preventing diseases

Question 29

define bioremediation

Answer 29

bioremediation is the use of microorganisms to hasten the degradation of pollutants

Question 30

define biotechnology

Answer 30

biotechnology is the use of microbiological and biochemical techniques

Question 31

define pathogens

Answer 31

pathogens are disease causing organisms

Question 32

define plague

Answer 32

plague is a bacterial disease that can be transmitted by fleas

Question 33

define emerging infectious disease

Answer 33

emerging infectious diseases are whose incidence has repidly increase in the last several decades

Question 34

in eukaryotes where are the genetic material contained

Answer 34

the genetic material is contained within a membrane structure called the nucleus

Question 35

where is peptidoglycan found

Answer 35

peptidoglycan found in the cell walls of bacteria

Question 36

define cocci and bacillus

Answer 36

bacteria that are sphere called cocci while those are rod shaped are termed rod or bacillus

Question 37

which classifies as eukaryotes

Answer 37

eukaryotes are algae, fungi, protozoa and helminths

Question 38

what are two main forms of microscopic fungi

Answer 38

yeast which are single celled yeast

mold which is multicellular filamentous mold

Question 39

how do fungi obtain nutrients

Answer 39

fungi obtain nutrients by secreting enzymes to degrade organic matieral in the environment

Question 40

what are bacteria cell walls composed of

Answer 40

bacteria have a rigid cell wall composed of peptidoglycan

Question 41

describe protozoa

Answer 41

protozoa are unicellular eukaryotes that lack a cell wall

Question 42

what are the common characteristics of algae

Answer 42

algae have a nucleus
cell wall
chloroplasts
flagella

Question 43

define viroid

Question 44

what are the characteristics of a protozoa

Answer 44

they are single celled eukaryotes that ingest organic material as food sources

Question 45

define protozoa.

Answer 45

protozoa are a large group of non-photosynthetic single celled eukaryotes that are found in both terrestrial and aquatic environments.

Question 46

define the structure of a what is spongiform encephalopathies caused by

Answer 46

Spongiform encephalopathies are caused by infectious proteins this infectious agent is a prion

Question 47

what are the common characteristics of algae

Answer 47

a cell wall
chloroplasts
a nucleus
flagella

Question 48

rank the steps of scientific process in order

Answer 48

1. make an observation about something
2. develop an explanation and then devise an experiment to test this explanation

collect data from this experiment to draw a conclusion

communicate the methods results and conclusions

Question 49

what are algae and protozoa referred to as

Answer 49

algae and protozoa are referred to as protists

Question 50

how do fungi obtain nutrient s

Answer 50

fungi obtain material by secreting enzymes to degrade organic material in the environment.