Microbiology & Pathology

Question 1

What are the 5 signs of inflammation?

Answer 1

Heat, swelling, pain, redness and loss of function

Question 2

What is the name of the ulcer often associated with stress, vitamin deficiency and/or poor nutrition?

Answer 2

Aphthous ulcers

Question 3

What are the dentally relevant infections?

Answer 3

Dental caries
Periodontal disease
Denture stomatitis
Herpes simplex

Question 4

Which dentally related cyst develops around an impacted, unerupted tooth?

Answer 4

Dentigerous cyst

Question 5

Which dentally related cyst develops around the tooth apex?

Answer 5

Periapical cyst

Question 6

Which dentally related cyst is produced after trauma to minor salivary glands and usually occurs on the lower lip?

Answer 6

Mucocele

Question 7

Which bacteria is initially found in dental caries as the cavity first forms?

Answer 7

Streptococcus mutans

Question 8

Which bacteria is found within an established carious lesion, as deeper tooth tissues become infected?

Answer 8

Lactobacillus

Question 9

Which bacteria is associated with skin boils and gingival boils?

Answer 9

Staphlococci

Question 10

Which 4 bacteria are associated with periodontal disease? The bacterial infection of the supporting structures of the teeth (gingivae, periodontal ligament, cementum, alveolar bone).

Answer 10

Actinomyces
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Prevotella intermedia
Treponema denticola

Question 11

What 3 natural lines of defence against pathogens does a healthy body have?

Answer 11

Intact skin and mucous membrane
Surface secretions
Inflammatory response

Question 12

Which type of immunity is present from birth by being randomly inherited?

Answer 12

Natural immunity

Question 13

Which type of immunity is present from birth and is specifically inherited directly from the mother’s own pool of antibodies and antitoxins?

Answer 13

Passive immunity

Question 14

Which type of immunity occurs after being given a harmless dose of a pathogen or overcoming a pathogen attack?

Answer 14

Acquired immunity

Question 15

What is a cyst formation within the jaw bone called?

Answer 15

Alveolar bone cyst

Question 16

Name the condition associated with acute bacterial infection if the soft tissues (operculum) of a partially erupted tooth.

Answer 16

Pericoronitis

Question 17

What is the name of the bacterial infection of the bony walls of an extraction socket (also called ‘dry socket’)?

Answer 17

Localised osteitis

Question 18

What is the name of the bacterial infection spreading from a tooth into the surrounding deep soft tissue structures?

Answer 18

Cellulitis

Question 19

Which antibiotic is referred to as a ‘broad-spectrum antibiotic’?

Answer 19

Amoxicillin

Question 20

Which antibiotic is used against anaerobic bacteria often associated with pericoronitis, periodontal disease and acute ulcerative necrotising gingivitis?

Answer 20

Metronidazole

Question 21

Which antibiotic is an alternative for penicillin and its derivatives given to patients who are allergic?

Answer 21

Erythromycin

Question 22

What antibiotic can be used against the spread of infection in periconronitis and cellulitis, and to prevent secondary infection after oral surgery procedures?

Answer 22

Penicillin

Question 23

Which antibiotic is used as a prophylactic alternative against infective endocarditis in patients allergic to amoxicillin?

Answer 23

Clindamycin

Question 24

What antiviral drug is used to treat herpes simples type I virus (cold sores)?

Answer 24

Aciclovir antiviral cream

Question 25

Name 4 antifungals used to treat infections caused by the fungus Candida albicans.

Answer 25

Fluconazole
Nystatin
Amphotericin
Miconazole

Question 26

Which analgesic reduces body temperature when fever is present (has antipyretic properties)?

Answer 26

Paracetamol

Question 27

Which analgesic is anti-inflammatory and should not be given to asthmatics?

Answer 27

Ibuprofen

Question 28

Which analgesic is anti-inflammatory, an anticoagulant (so must not be given after surgical procedures) and must be avoid by asthmatics and children under 16 because of the rate complication of Reye’s syndrome (fatal brain disease)?

Answer 28

Aspirin

Question 29

Name 3 dentally related diseases caused by the fungal infection Candida albicans.

Answer 29

Oral thrush
Denture stomatitis
Angular cheilitis

Question 30

Name 3 congenital/ developmental defects (genetic mutations or inherited conditions).

Answer 30

Cleft lip or palate
Hypodontia - absence of some teeth
Amelogenesis imperfect - defect of tooth formation