Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

endo (n't break my heart) > Microbiology of the Root Canal System > Flashcards

Microbiology of the Root Canal System Flashcards

1
Q

The root canal system provides an ideal environment for?

A

bacterial colonization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T or F:
The root canal system is warm, moist, and nutritious (has lots of substrate) and has a variable but largely anaerobic climate.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The root canal system is largely protected from the host defenses due to..?

A

lack of circulation in a diseased pulp

“Privileged Sanctuary”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What basic science is most closely associated with the practice of Endodontics?

A

Microbiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How were anaerobic bacteria successfully cultured from the canal system? Who discovered this technique?

A

1- By using a special “anaerobic glove box” technique.

2-Sundqvist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What did Sundqvist prove?

A

He proved that many of the pathological bacteria found in the root canal system are black pigmented anaerobic gram negative bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do gram negative bacteria release?

A

Lipopolysaccharides (also known as endotoxins). They induce fever, collegenolysis, and osteolysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which bacteria is the most frequent in endo infections?

A

Prevotella nigrescens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The canal walls/spaces are conducive to formation of…?

A

biofilm (complex, colonized communities of bacteria)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T or F:

One single microorganism can be responsible for apical periodontitis.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Progression of Root Canal infections? (steps 1-3)

A

1- carious lesion or trauma opens tubules to bacterial invasion

2- bacteria inflame pulp locally

3- inflammation may overcome pulpal defenses and localized abscesses may form in coronal pulp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Progression of Root Canal infections? (steps 4-7)

A

4- infection increases in pulp and necrosis begins

5- necrosis involves entire root canal system

6- infection uses “portals of exit” to invade periradicular tissues (apical periodontitis)

7- periradicular infection occurs beyond apex (apical abscess)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

“Portals of Exit” for infection?

A

apical foramen and lateral canals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Biofilm is defined as a ____ microbial community characterized by cells that are firmly attached to a surface and enmeshed in a self produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance.

A

multicellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What should we think when we hear biofilm?

A

think complex, variable, and constantly changing bacterial infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Biofilm must accomplish these 6 things to cause disease within the root canal system:

A
  1. Microorganism must adhere to host surfaces
  2. Obtain nutrients from the host
  3. Multiply
  4. Invade tissue
  5. Overcome host defenses
  6. Induce tissue damage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The longer the infection exists within the root canal system, the more _____ is consumed by bacterial activity and the more anaerobic becomes the root canal system.

A

oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Chronic infections within the root canal system tend to favor…?

A

anaerobic bacterial flora

19
Q

Some examples of anaerobic gram negative bacteria?

A 
porphyromonas
prevotella
peptostreptococcus
streptococcus
actinomyces
olsenella
propionibacterium
20
Q

How do we destroy bacteria?

A

kill them directly or starve them out

21
Q

How and what is used in endo to destroy bacteria?

A

Cleaning and shaping with 8.3% Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) and intra-canal medicaments

22
Q

Biofilm becomes more varied, complex, and difficult to control when the tooth is further challenged by…?

A

salivary contact or operative contamination

23
Q

How to avoid salivary contact and operative contamination?

A

Avoid leakage of rubber dam and avoid iatrogenic contamination during treatment

24
Q

Which areas in the tooth are inaccessible to instrumentation?

A

Canals. They have many ramifications, anastomoses, fins, webs, and bifurcations where microorganisms can hide.

25
Q

T or F:

Flies never reach ALL spaces in the complex pulpal system

A

True

26
Q

Correct use of ____ is extremely important in elimination microorganisms in root canal systems.

A

NaOCl (sodium hypochlorite)

27
Q

What are the 6 functions of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in root canal systems?

A 
1- disinfects over time
2- dilutes and inactivates toxins
3- dissolves substrate over time
4- dissolves necrotic tissue over time
5- flushes and floats out debris
6- lubricates canal
28
Q

NaOCl degrades rapidly to ___ in the canal, therefore must be replenished @ 3-5 minutes.

A

NaCl (salt water)

29
Q

How much NaOCl is typically used as irrigant per visit?

A

about 10-12 cc

30
Q

NaOCl must be in contact with shaped canal a minimum of…?

A

30 minutes after canal enlarged to #30 or larger.

31
Q

T or F:

A canal smaller than #30 will rarely if ever allow any irrigant to reach the apical 1/3 of the canal.

A

True

32
Q

When are medications placed within the canal system?

A

Between appointments. Intended to increase local anti-microbial action and to further decrease the microbial challenge within the root canal system.

33
Q

Examples of toxic, damaging, and sometimes carcinogenic medicaments used historically?

A

CMCP,
Formocresol,
Cresatin,
Beachwood Creosote

34
Q

What is the universally accepted intracanal medication of choice (especially in necrotic cases)?

A

Calcium Hydroxide (CaOH)

35
Q

What is the pH of CaOH?

A

between 11 and 12

36
Q

Advantages for using CaOH?

A
  • Discourages most microbial growth
  • Long lasting
  • No reported allerfic responses
  • Easy to apply and remove as a paste
37
Q

What is the name of the CaOH product available in clinic?

A

Calasept

38
Q

In endo, the use of antibiotics is ____ to relieve pain.

A

USELESS

39
Q

Systemic antibiotics are useful only in…?

A

Acute periradicular infections (swelling and fever) or for a patient who is immunologically supressed

40
Q

T or F:
Healthy patients without systemic signs and symptoms of infection but with symptomatic pulpitis, symptomatic apical periodontitis, a draining sinus tract, or localized swelling DO NOT require antibiotics.

A

True.

use of antibiotics with these patients will just create resistance

41
Q

When do we use antibiotics in endodontics?

A

Medically compromised patient, pre-med when indicated, persistent or spreading infection

42
Q

Drainage is accomplished by I&D (____ & ____)

A

Incision & Drainage

43
Q

T or F:

All endo infections are polymicrobial. Mostly facultative and obligate anaerobes.

A

True and true

endo (n't break my heart) (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions