Microbiology of Periodontal Disease Flashcards
PATHOGEN
a microbe capable of causing host damage/disease
OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGEN
an organism that is a member of the resident microbiota or normally inhabiting the external environment that causes infection under certain circumstances
Symbiont and Pathobiont?
SYMBIONT: member of the resident microbiota that confers benefit to the host
PATHOBIONT: member of the resident microbiota that causes disease when loss of the normal balance between the host and resident microbiota (dysbiosis) occurs
PATHOGENICITY
capacity of a microbe to cause damage in a host
VIRULENCE
VIRULENCE: relative capacity of an organism to cause damage in a host, “degree of pathogenicity”
VIRULENCE DETERMINANT/FACTOR
VIRULENCE DETERMINANT/FACTOR: component of pathogen that damages the host/allows pathogen to cause disease
GINGIVITIS
quick summary
Reversible - via increased oral hygiene
Non-specific inflammatory response
PERIODONTITIS
Quick summary
Irreversible damage to supporting tissues
Associated with prevalence of pathogenic “consortia”
Types of Periodontal diseases
CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS
— modified by diabetes, smoking, medication, HIV
AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS
MANIFESTATIONS OF SYSTEMIC DISEASES
— Leukemia, inherited diseases, eg. Papillon Lefevre syndrome
NECROTISING PERIODONTAL DISEASES
Microbes in health
Gram-positive facultative anaerobes predominate
Microbes in gingivitis
Increase in obligately anaerobic populations
Types of microbes in Periodontitis
Gram-negative anaerobes and spirochaetes predominate
DEFINING A PERIODONTAL PATHOGEN
- Present in high numbers in disease compared with periodontally normal sites
- Infected patients demonstrate specific antibodies (serum, saliva, GCF) to putative pathogen
- Organism produces virulence factors in vitro that correlate to clinical pathology
- Induction of infection/symptoms in relevant animal model
- Treatment that eliminates organism also improves clinical condition
Predominant Gram pos bacteria commonly cultured from sites with chronic periodontitis
Eubacterium brachy Eubacterium nodatum Mogibacterium timidium Peptostreptococcus stomatis Parvimonas micra
Predominant Gram Neg bacteria examples commonly cultured from sites with chronic periodontitis
Tannerella forsythia Fusobacterium nucleatum Porphyromonas gingivalis Prevotella intermedia Prevotella loeschii Dialister pneumosintes Campylobacter rectus Treponema spp.
