microbiology midterm Flashcards
what does coagulase + refer to?
it’s to test for an enzyme
if the enzyme is there, it’s staph aureus
which type of bacteria has an affinity for prosthetic devices?
staphylococcus epidermidis
what is the 2nd most common cause of UTI in women?
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
what si the significance of a hemolytic reaction and lancfield group?
used to classify streptococci
what causes scarlet fever?
streptococcus pyogenes
what are virulence factors for streptococcus pyogenes?
Capsule
Frimbriae
FnBP
Exotoxins
what is the shape, gram, & aero status of staph?
cocci, gram +, aerobic
what is the shape, gram, & aero status of strep?
cocci, chains, gram +, aerotolerant
what are the virulence factors of staph aureus?
Protein A
FnBP
superantigens: exfolitain, enterotoxins, TSST-1
shape, classification of streptococcus pneumoniae?
diplococci, hemolytic alpha, no lancefield group
what bacteria is in 25% of wome’s vaginas? why does this matter?
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B) can cause pneumonia/sepsis in neonates in 1st week postpartum
which bacteria is assoc with horses?
streptococci equi
what is the shape, classification of group viridans streptococci?
spherical chains, hemolytic alpha, no lancefield group
what are shape, gram status, virulence factor of enterobacteriaceae?
gram neg rod, virulence factor LPS
what are the four cardinal characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae?
ferment glucose
reduce nitrates to nitrites
cytochrome oxidase neg
if flagella - peritrichous
what’s the most common cause of UTI?
e.coli
what disease is caaused by enterotoxigenic e.coli and what are its virulence factors?
travellers diarrhea, LT, STa, Stb
what two types of bacteria cause infections where antibiotics are contaraindicated?
verotoxigenic e.coli
Salmonella enterica ssp. Enterica
what is unique about shigella?
nonmotile, only takes a small amount of bacteria to inoculate
what causes pseudoappendicitis?
Yersinia enterocolitica
what bacteria is the plague?
Yersinia pestis
what bacteria causes pneumonia in alcoholics?
Klebsiella pneumoniae
what is the leading cause of nosocomial infections?
Serratia marcescens
*very antibiotic resistant
what are the basics of nonfermenters?
gram neg rod
which nonfermenter is cytochrome oxidase positive?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
what are some shapre & gram status, virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
gram neg rod,
-toxins and virulence (lots)
what causes glue ear?
pseudomonas aruginosa
which bacteria is associated with CF camps?
Burkoldaria cepacia
what are some notable diseases for anaerobes?
Diabetic foot ulcers,
Gas gangrene
Breast abcess
describe Clostridium
gram + rod anaerobic spore forming
which bacteria is associated with gas gangrene?
Clostridium perfringens
what are the two exotoxins assoc with c diff?
A & B
what is Bacteroides fragilis
gram - rod anaerobe that produces beta lactamase
which bacteria is assoc with cheese?
Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp shermanii
describe basics of neisseria?
gram neg diplococci
Intracellular
what are virulence factors of neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Porin protein A OPA proteins Rmp protein LOS pili protein
some defining features of pseudomonas aruginosa?
- Capsule
- Polar Flagella
- blue pigment
- very antibiotic resistant
what are some special features of neisseria?
Doesn’t tolerate desiccation or cold
Cytochrome oxidase positive
Oxidizes glucose, but not maltose nor lactose
some strains cause this bacteria to produce blood red pigment
Serratia marcescens
what test is used for nonfermenters?
failure to acidify the butt of Kligler’s Iron Agar (KIA) or Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSI),
what’s the assoc b/w nonfermenters and antibiotics?
-Very antibiotic resistant
longer courses of antibiotics
what are examples of nonfermenters?
pseudomonas aruginosa
what causes syphilis?
Treponema pallidum ssp. pallidum
