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Microbiology First Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What is the central dogma (principal) of biology?

A

DNA, mRNA and Protein

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2
Q

In the central dogma of biology which evolved first? Dna, mRNA or protein?

A

RNA
(First cells used RNA as their generic materials)

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3
Q

What are the three domains?

A
  1. Bacteria, Archea and Eukarya
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4
Q

What domains don’t have a nucleus?

A

Bacteria and Archea

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5
Q

What domain/domains have a nucleus?

A

Eukarya

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6
Q

Which domain evolved first?

A

Bacteria

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7
Q

Which domain evolved second?

A

Archea

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8
Q

Which domain evolved last? (Third)

A

Eukarya

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9
Q

Taxonomic Hierarchy in order

A

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Other
Family
Genus
Species

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10
Q

What is a ribozyme?

A

RNA that acts as a enzyme.

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11
Q

What are microorganisms?

A

Organisms and acellular entities that are not seen with the naked eye.

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12
Q

What is pathogenic?

A

This means to cause disease.

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13
Q

How do microorganisms help us two explanations.

A

Immunizations given as babies carry a small amount of disease microorganisms cause, to prevent the human being from developing diseases they are immunized for in the future such as Hep b, MMR, and varicella.

Microorganisms help in creating antibiotics, one case is a woman experiencing a uti they are given antibiotics to stop it but then risk a yeast infection in which they are given a different antibiotic to clear that yeast infection out with the help of microorganisms to create those antibiotics.

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14
Q

What does immunity mean?

A

Protection from disease

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15
Q

Edward Jenner

A

English physician, came up with the first vaccine for small pox

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16
Q

Who was Louis Pasteur

A

Discovered attenuation
(Attenuation means giving someone the microorganism of the weakened bacteria or virus in the vaccine so the person doesn’t get it)

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17
Q

Who developed vaccine for chicken cholera anthrax and rabies using attenuated strains?

A

Louis pasture

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18
Q

Chemotherapy

A

Treatment of disease by using chemical substances (like antibiotics and synthetic drugs) also this is not chemotherapy for cancer

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19
Q

Who is Paul Ehcrlich?

A

Came out with the first drug to cure syphilis.

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20
Q

What did Alexander Fleming accidentally
Rediscover?

A

Alexander Fleming rediscovered penicillin.

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21
Q

Penicillium chrysogenum kills

A

Stahl aureus

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22
Q

Bacteriology

A

Study of bacteria

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23
Q

Mycology

A

Study of fungi

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24
Q

Virology

A

Study of viruses

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25
Medical microbiology
Study of infectious diseases
26
Industrial microbiology
Study of industrial uses of microorganisms
27
Recombinant DNA
Dna molecule produced by combining dna from two different organisms
28
Immunology
Study if Immune system
29
What is symbiosis
Two organisms that live together
30
What is mutualism ? (One of the symbiosis relationships)
Mutual benefits between organisms
31
Commensalism (one of the symbiotic relationships)
One organisms benefits the other doesn’t
32
Parasitism meaning one of the symbiotic relationships
One organisms benefits the other is harmed
33
Biofilm meaning
Bacterial communities that form slimy layers in surfaces
34
Example of biofilm
When you don’t brush your teeth in a while (the plaque/slimy stuff) When you don’t wash your dogs bowl in a while. Can form inside your body on medical devices
35
SPIROCHETE examples to know about
1. Treponema pallidum- causes syphilis 2. Bordelaise burgdorferi - causes lime disease 3. Leptospira - causes leptospirosis
36
Fimbriea
Short protein appendages that look like hairs, attach bacteria to things
37
Gram positive color
Purple
38
Gram negative bacteria stain color
Pink
39
Which gram has a thicker cell wall
Gram positive
40
Lipopolgysaccharides
Made of lipids , sugar and carbohydrates
41
What 3 things are lipopolysaccharides consisted of?
Lipid A- a toxin Cole polysaccharide O polysaccharide
42
Inclusions
Used for storage metabolism and to position the cell
43
Rubisco
Fixes carbon dioxide
44
Gas vacuoles
Found in aquatic, Photosynthetic bacteria and Archea Provides buoyancy in gas vesicles
45
Bacterial endospores
Dormant structures that form by some bacteria as a way to survive in adverse environment
46
Bacterial Endospores are formed by
General Clostridium and Bacillus
47
Sporulation means
The process of endospore formation
48
LUCA
Last Universal Common Ancestor
49
Rickettsia
Obligate Intracellular parasites
50
How are rickettsia spread
By bug bites, arthropod bites You get a spotted fever
51
Bordetella pertussis
Causes whooping cough (Protoses)
52
Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes what
Gonorrhea
53
Neisseria meningitidis causes
Meningitis
54
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Nosocomial infections Blue-green pigment Smells bad Antibiotic resistance
55
Acinetobacter baumannii
Nosocomial infections, antibiotic resistance
56
Which domains and prokaryotic?
Bacteria and Archea
57
What is one characteristic that applies to all microorganisms that you have studied in chapter one and thus defines to the study of microbiology?
They are all to small to be seen with the naked eye at some point in their life cycle
58
Named in the order of increasing level of complexity, the 3rd principal categories of microorganisms are
Acellular entities, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes
59
The majority of prokaryotes possess:
Internal structures that lack membranes, a plasma cell membrane and a cell wall
60
Which of the following statements best describe the distinctions between the nucleic acids found in acellular entities?
Viruses have either DNA or RNA, viroids have only RNA, and prions have neither DNA or RNA.
61
Which of the following is known as the father of modern surgery because he developed aseptic technique?
Lister
62
Which unit measurement is one millionth of a meter?
Micrometer
63
Protist contain everything but
Fungi
64
Which of the following microscopes uses a probe to trace specimen and create 3D image
Atomic force microscope
65
Which type of stain is used to stain bacteria, such as mycobacterium that have mycolic acids in their cell wall
Acid fast stain
66
Rough er makes
Proteins
67
Smooth er makes
Lipids
68
Nucleous
Makes ribosomes
69
Packages proteins for transport
Golgi apparatus
70
Acinetobacter baimannii
Nosocomial infections (health care associated infection) Something that you caught at the hospital. Resistant to a lot of antibiotics Hard to treat Lives on surfaces long periods of times. Sometimes untreatable
71
Legionella is
Called legionnaires disease (Pneumonia caused by legionella bacteria) Can inhale it in places like a hot tub Likes to live in water tanks and pipes.
72
Vibrio cholerae
Causes cholera Can kill you within a couple hours As it causes horrible diarrhea Super watery
73
Coliform meaning:
Coliforms in water means it’s been contaminated with poop
74
Escherichia coli
Cook beef welllll! Bc Can cause kidney failure in kids Usually not pathogenic Can cause UTIs
75
Salmonella enterica
Almost all are pathogenic Common cause is diarrhea It can cause typhoid fever (TYPOID MARY)
76
Klebsiella pnuemoniae
Nosocomial infection Antibiotic resistance
77
Yersinia pestis
Causes the plague “The Black Death” Most commonly transmitted by fleas
78
Enterobacter
Antibiotic resistance and can be picked up in the hospital. -ento- likes to live in intestines
79
Haemophilus influenzae
Causes pneumonia, meningitis and earaches. They used to think this is what causes the flu but it’s not
80
Campylobacter
Food borne intestinal disease. You can find in all raw chicken. You can find this in unpasteurized milk. You get bad diarrhea
81
Helictobacter
H pylori Causes stomach ulcers Can cause stomach cancer
82
Chlamydiae
Obligate intracellular parasites STD another kind can effect the eyes, which is spread through discharge in the eyes. Causes trachoma. Can scar inner lining of eyelids
83
Treponema pallidum causes
Causes syphilis
84
Borrelia burgdorferi causes
Lyme disease
85
Leptospira causes
Leptospirosis
86
What field is used to see spirochetes ?
Dark field microscope
87
Corynebacterium C. Diphtheriae causes
Diphtheria
88
Clostridium tetati causes
Tetanus
89
Clostridium botulinum causes
Botchilism
90
Clostridium difficile causes
Diarrhea
91
Clostridium perfringens causes
If it gets into a wound can cause gas gangrene in which the tissue dies. Causes a food borne diarrhea
92
Staphylococcus aureus causes
MRSA Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Skin infections Food poisoning Toxic shock syndrome Antibiotic resistance
93
Streptococcus Groups
Hemolytic groups Alpha hemolytic: partially partially hemolyses the blood cells so they turn kinda (green) Beta hemolytic: completely hemolyses the blood cells (clear) -GROUP A STREP (GAS~ example streptococcus pyogenes) GROUP B STREP (GBS EXAMPLE STREPTOCOCCUS AGALACTIAE) Y (gamma) hemolytic or non- hemolytic: do not hemolyses the blood cells at all (No color change)
94
Group A step
Streptococcus pyogenes Which is the cause of story throat PYO MEANS PUS:) So that’s how it got the name
95
Group B streptococci or GBS
Causes pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis in newborns Vaginal culture to check for bacteria
96
Enterococcus
Likes to live in intestines Resistant to antibiotics, infects hospitalized patients.
97
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Causes pneumonia Extremely small

Microbiology Lecture (2 decks)

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