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Microbiology Lecture > Microbiology First Lecture > Flashcards

Microbiology First Lecture Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the central dogma (principal) of biology?

A

DNA, mRNA and Protein

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2
Q

In the central dogma of biology which evolved first? Dna, mRNA or protein?

A

RNA
(First cells used RNA as their generic materials)

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3
Q

What are the three domains?

A
  1. Bacteria, Archea and Eukarya
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4
Q

What domains don’t have a nucleus?

A

Bacteria and Archea

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5
Q

What domain/domains have a nucleus?

A

Eukarya

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6
Q

Which domain evolved first?

A

Bacteria

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7
Q

Which domain evolved second?

A

Archea

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8
Q

Which domain evolved last? (Third)

A

Eukarya

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9
Q

Taxonomic Hierarchy in order

A

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Other
Family
Genus
Species

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10
Q

What is a ribozyme?

A

RNA that acts as a enzyme.

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11
Q

What are microorganisms?

A

Organisms and acellular entities that are not seen with the naked eye.

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12
Q

What is pathogenic?

A

This means to cause disease.

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13
Q

How do microorganisms help us two explanations.

A

Immunizations given as babies carry a small amount of disease microorganisms cause, to prevent the human being from developing diseases they are immunized for in the future such as Hep b, MMR, and varicella.

Microorganisms help in creating antibiotics, one case is a woman experiencing a uti they are given antibiotics to stop it but then risk a yeast infection in which they are given a different antibiotic to clear that yeast infection out with the help of microorganisms to create those antibiotics.

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14
Q

What does immunity mean?

A

Protection from disease

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15
Q

Edward Jenner

A

English physician, came up with the first vaccine for small pox

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16
Q

Who was Louis Pasteur

A

Discovered attenuation
(Attenuation means giving someone the microorganism of the weakened bacteria or virus in the vaccine so the person doesn’t get it)

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17
Q

Who developed vaccine for chicken cholera anthrax and rabies using attenuated strains?

A

Louis pasture

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18
Q

Chemotherapy

A

Treatment of disease by using chemical substances (like antibiotics and synthetic drugs) also this is not chemotherapy for cancer

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19
Q

Who is Paul Ehcrlich?

A

Came out with the first drug to cure syphilis.

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20
Q

What did Alexander Fleming accidentally
Rediscover?

A

Alexander Fleming rediscovered penicillin.

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21
Q

Penicillium chrysogenum kills

A

Stahl aureus

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22
Q

Bacteriology

A

Study of bacteria

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23
Q

Mycology

A

Study of fungi

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24
Q

Virology

A

Study of viruses

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25
Q

Medical microbiology

A

Study of infectious diseases

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26
Q

Industrial microbiology

A

Study of industrial uses of microorganisms

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27
Q

Recombinant DNA

A

Dna molecule produced by combining dna from two different organisms

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28
Q

Immunology

A

Study if Immune system

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29
Q

What is symbiosis

A

Two organisms that live together

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30
Q

What is mutualism ? (One of the symbiosis relationships)

A

Mutual benefits between organisms

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31
Q

Commensalism (one of the symbiotic relationships)

A

One organisms benefits the other doesn’t

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32
Q

Parasitism meaning one of the symbiotic relationships

A

One organisms benefits the other is harmed

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33
Q

Biofilm meaning

A

Bacterial communities that form slimy layers in surfaces

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34
Q

Example of biofilm

A

When you don’t brush your teeth in a while (the plaque/slimy stuff)

When you don’t wash your dogs bowl in a while.

Can form inside your body on medical devices

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35
Q

SPIROCHETE examples to know about

A
  1. Treponema pallidum- causes syphilis
  2. Bordelaise burgdorferi - causes lime disease
  3. Leptospira - causes leptospirosis
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36
Q

Fimbriea

A

Short protein appendages that look like hairs, attach bacteria to things

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37
Q

Gram positive color

A

Purple

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38
Q

Gram negative bacteria stain color

A

Pink

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39
Q

Which gram has a thicker cell wall

A

Gram positive

40
Q

Lipopolgysaccharides

A

Made of lipids , sugar and carbohydrates

41
Q

What 3 things are lipopolysaccharides consisted of?

A

Lipid A- a toxin
Cole polysaccharide
O polysaccharide

42
Q

Inclusions

A

Used for storage metabolism and to position the cell

43
Q

Rubisco

A

Fixes carbon dioxide

44
Q

Gas vacuoles

A

Found in aquatic, Photosynthetic bacteria and Archea
Provides buoyancy in gas vesicles

45
Q

Bacterial endospores

A

Dormant structures that form by some bacteria as a way to survive in adverse environment

46
Q

Bacterial Endospores are formed by

A

General Clostridium and Bacillus

47
Q

Sporulation means

A

The process of endospore formation

48
Q

LUCA

A

Last
Universal
Common
Ancestor

49
Q

Rickettsia

A

Obligate Intracellular parasites

50
Q

How are rickettsia spread

A

By bug bites, arthropod bites

You get a spotted fever

51
Q

Bordetella pertussis

A

Causes whooping cough (Protoses)

52
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes what

A

Gonorrhea

53
Q

Neisseria meningitidis causes

A

Meningitis

54
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Nosocomial infections

Blue-green pigment

Smells bad

Antibiotic resistance

55
Q

Acinetobacter baumannii

A

Nosocomial infections, antibiotic resistance

56
Q

Which domains and prokaryotic?

A

Bacteria and Archea

57
Q

What is one characteristic that applies to all microorganisms that you have studied in chapter one and thus defines to the study of microbiology?

A

They are all to small to be seen with the naked eye at some point in their life cycle

58
Q

Named in the order of increasing level of complexity, the 3rd principal categories of microorganisms are

A

Acellular entities, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes

59
Q

The majority of prokaryotes possess:

A

Internal structures that lack membranes, a plasma cell membrane and a cell wall

60
Q

Which of the following statements best describe the distinctions between the nucleic acids found in acellular entities?

A

Viruses have either DNA or RNA, viroids have only RNA, and prions have neither DNA or RNA.

61
Q

Which of the following is known as the father of modern surgery because he developed aseptic technique?

A

Lister

62
Q

Which unit measurement is one millionth of a meter?

A

Micrometer

63
Q

Protist contain everything but

A

Fungi

64
Q

Which of the following microscopes uses a probe to trace specimen and create 3D image

A

Atomic force microscope

65
Q

Which type of stain is used to stain bacteria, such as mycobacterium that have mycolic acids in their cell wall

A

Acid fast stain

66
Q

Rough er makes

A

Proteins

67
Q

Smooth er makes

A

Lipids

68
Q

Nucleous

A

Makes ribosomes

69
Q

Packages proteins for transport

A

Golgi apparatus

70
Q

Acinetobacter baimannii

A

Nosocomial infections (health care associated infection)
Something that you caught at the hospital.

Resistant to a lot of antibiotics
Hard to treat
Lives on surfaces long periods of times.
Sometimes untreatable

71
Q

Legionella is

A

Called legionnaires disease
(Pneumonia caused by legionella bacteria)
Can inhale it in places like a hot tub
Likes to live in water tanks and pipes.

72
Q

Vibrio cholerae

A

Causes cholera

Can kill you within a couple hours
As it causes horrible diarrhea
Super watery

73
Q

Coliform meaning:

A

Coliforms in water means it’s been contaminated with poop

74
Q

Escherichia coli

A

Cook beef welllll! Bc
Can cause kidney failure in kids
Usually not pathogenic
Can cause UTIs

75
Q

Salmonella enterica

A

Almost all are pathogenic
Common cause is diarrhea

It can cause typhoid fever

(TYPOID MARY)

76
Q

Klebsiella pnuemoniae

A

Nosocomial infection
Antibiotic resistance

77
Q

Yersinia pestis

A

Causes the plague “The Black Death”
Most commonly transmitted by fleas

78
Q

Enterobacter

A

Antibiotic resistance and can be picked up in the hospital.
-ento- likes to live in intestines

79
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

A

Causes pneumonia, meningitis and earaches.

They used to think this is what causes the flu but it’s not

80
Q

Campylobacter

A

Food borne intestinal disease.

You can find in all raw chicken.
You can find this in unpasteurized milk.

You get bad diarrhea

81
Q

Helictobacter

A

H pylori

Causes stomach ulcers
Can cause stomach cancer

82
Q

Chlamydiae

A

Obligate intracellular parasites
STD

another kind can effect the eyes, which is spread through discharge in the eyes.
Causes trachoma.
Can scar inner lining of eyelids

83
Q

Treponema pallidum causes

A

Causes syphilis

84
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi causes

A

Lyme disease

85
Q

Leptospira causes

A

Leptospirosis

86
Q

What field is used to see spirochetes ?

A

Dark field microscope

87
Q

Corynebacterium
C. Diphtheriae causes

A

Diphtheria

88
Q

Clostridium tetati causes

A

Tetanus

89
Q

Clostridium botulinum causes

A

Botchilism

90
Q

Clostridium difficile causes

A

Diarrhea

91
Q

Clostridium perfringens causes

A

If it gets into a wound can cause gas gangrene in which the tissue dies.

Causes a food borne diarrhea

92
Q

Staphylococcus aureus causes

A

MRSA

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Skin infections
Food poisoning
Toxic shock syndrome
Antibiotic resistance

93
Q

Streptococcus
Groups

A

Hemolytic groups

Alpha hemolytic: partially partially hemolyses the blood cells so they turn kinda (green)

Beta hemolytic: completely hemolyses the
blood cells (clear) -GROUP A STREP (GAS~ example streptococcus pyogenes) GROUP B STREP (GBS EXAMPLE STREPTOCOCCUS AGALACTIAE)

Y (gamma) hemolytic or non- hemolytic: do not hemolyses the blood cells at all
(No color change)

94
Q

Group A step

A

Streptococcus pyogenes
Which is the cause of story throat
PYO MEANS PUS:)
So that’s how it got the name

95
Q

Group B streptococci or GBS

A

Causes pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis in newborns
Vaginal culture to check for bacteria

96
Q

Enterococcus

A

Likes to live in intestines
Resistant to antibiotics, infects hospitalized patients.

97
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Causes pneumonia
Extremely small

Microbiology Lecture (2 decks)

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