Microbiology Final Flashcards
What bacteria causes Thrush in horses?
Fusobacterium
What is Thrush?
An infection of the frog of the hoof.
How do horses get thrush?
Packed mud/manure creates an anaerobic environment.
How do you prevent & treat Thrush?
Keep feet picked out. Topical antibiotics
What 2 bacteria causes Foot Rot in cattle and sheep?
Fusobacterium & Bacteroides
Define: antibiotic
Drugs that act on bacteria.
What is another name for antibiotic?
Antimicrobial
Define the 2 spectrums of antibiotics.
Broad spectrum antibiotics are effective on some Gram (+) and some Gram (-).
Narrow spectrum antibiotics are effective on either some Gram (+) bacteria or some Gram (-) bacteria.
Define: bactericidal
antibiotic that kills bacteria
Define: bacteristatic
antibiotic that inhibits the replication of bacteria.
What does a bacteristatic antibiotic rely on?
It relies on the host’s immune system to clear up the existing population.
What are the 5 Mechanisms of Action (M of A) or 5 ways that antibiotics do their job?
- Inhibit cell wall synthesis (Cidal, Penicillen).
- Alter cell membrane permeability (Cidal, polymyxins–antibiotic oitments)
- Inhibit protein synthesis (Static, Tetracycline)
- Inhibit NA synthesis (Static, metronidazole–Flagyl)
- Interfere with a Metabolic Pathway (Static or Cidal, Sulfonamides)
What are the 3 main reasons antibiotics fail?
Microbiological, Drug, Host
What are the 7 non-enteric GNROD genuses?
Brucella, Bordetella, Pasteurella, Moraxella, Francisella, Pseudomonas,Campylobacter
What are the 7 Clostridium species?
botulinum, tetani, perfringens, septicum, chauveoi, novyi, haemolyticum
What does Yersinia pestis causes?
The Plague
What is the result of an Oxidase test on Non-Enteric GNRODs?
Oxidase (+)
What are the 7 Microbiological reasons ab don’t work?
1) Well established infections (work best if treated early on)
2) Abscess with poor drainage/walled off (ab cannot penetrate)
3) Foreign bodies mistaken for infection (grass own in ear causes irritation that can look like otitis.
4) Neoplasias can be mistake for infections (Ex. Enlarged lymph node. Infection or lymphoma?)
5) MO resistance to the drug
6) Wrong ID of the bacteria
7) Mixed Infx (anaerobic/aerobic or Gram (+)/Gram (-))
What are the 6 drug reasons that ab don’t work?
1) wrong spectrum for existing infx (wrong drug)
2) Incorrect dosage (math)
3) Incorrect route
4) Tx too short
5) Poor bio-availability (% of drug absorbed affected by food in stomach, pH, etc–don’t get good peak blood levels)
6) Drug incompatibilities (can cancel each other out)
What are the 2 Host reasons that ab don’t work?
1) Elimination of competing NF (secondary infx)
2) Immunosuppression (can be important if using static ab)
How do you know if an ab works?
If a MO is susceptible/sensitive to it
How do you know if an ab doesn’t work?
If a MO is resistant to it.
What are the 2 reasons for ab resistance?
1) Natural Resistance
2) Acquired Resistance
Describe Natural Drug Resistance
Depends on the MO and the spectrum of the ab:
- Examples: Gram (+) MO are naturally resistant to Gram (-) narrow spectrum ab.
- **Mycoplasma is naturally resistant to penicillin
Describe Acquired Drug Resistance
- -Repeated exposure of MO to ab over time can cause a genetic mutation allowing the MO to survive
- -Drug resistance is passed on genetically to future generations
Give the 11 examples of drugs that are becoming increasingly resistant to ab.
Staph, Strep, E. coli, Salmonella, Proteus, Klebsiella, Mycobacterium, Pasteurella, Pseudomonas, MRSA, VRE
Describe the issues/talking points involving ab in livestock feed.
- -Leads to ab resistant MO in food animals
- -Can cause ab resistant bacterial infx in people and pets in rural areas
- -It’s illegal: have to have a withdrawal period
What are the 4 things that MO are doing to become resistant to ab?
1) MO can make an enzyme that inactivates or destroys an ab.
2) MO can change cell permeability so the drug can’t get in.
3) MO can modify site of ab attachment
4) MO can develop alternate metabolic pathways
What are the 5 things that we can do to help minimize acquired drug resistance?
1) use narrow spectrum ab
2) use -cidal drugs
3) use ab only for bacterial infx
4) Use correct dose (amount & duration)
5) Do C & S testing
What are the 2 types of ab susceptibility testing?
- -Kirby Bauer (qualitative–yes, no, maybe–which ones will work?)
- -Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC–quantitative–gives minimum dose of ab that will work on MO)
What is the media used for the Kirby Bauer?
Meuller-Hinton
Describe the general procedure for the Kirby Bauer ab susceptibility test.
- *must have a pure culture
- apply a set concentration of MO to a plate then add paper discs with a set of concentration of ab)
Describe the BBL Promt Inoculation System for Kirby Bauer.
1) Touch 5 isolated colonies and suspend in tube of saline.
2) Use sterile cotton tip applicator to inoculate plate by swabbing the entire plate 3 times while doing a 1/3 turn.*Do not redip swab! Goal is a solid mass of MO with no blanks.
3) Apply ab disks making sure they adhere
Discuss the Kirby Bauer incubation/labeling.
Incubate for 24 hours and label the lid side (only exception to the rule).
How do you read the results of the Kirby Bauer test?
Measure the diameter of the zone of inhibition in mm and use chart to determine if the MO is resistant, intermediate or susceptible to the ab.
How do you interpret the results of the Kirby Bauer test?
Susceptible–ab should work
Resistant– ab probably won’t work
Intermediate-gray zone: may or may not work, may have to use higher than recommended dose
What does MIC stand for?
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
Discuss the 3 points about MIC.
1) MIC testing determines minimum concentration of ab that will work on a MO
2) a dosage can be calculated from MIC
3) MIC testing may be a good idea if wanting to use a toxic ab (will determine the lowest dose needed to treat the infx)
Describe the MIC procedure.
1) Use tubes containing Mueller-Hinton broth
2) add different amounts of ab (serial dilutions)
3) Put set concentration of MO in each tube
4) incubate
How do you read the results of the MIC test?
1) Clear tubes indicate no growth and cloudy tubes indicate MO growth
2) MIC = lowest concentration w/o MO growth–the first clear tube
* *Once the MIC is determined, a drug dosage can be calculated for the patient
What are the 5 Brucella species?
canis, abortus, suis, ovis, melitensis
What are the characteristics of the genus Brucella?
Small GNROD. Aerobic to microaerophilic. Grows slowly in lab (5-7 days). Very tough bacteria: viable up to 4 months in urine, milk, damp soil, placenta, or aborted fetus (concentrated source of the MO). Can live intracellular. Survives & multiplies inside a phagocyte. Good @ tissue invasion and has an affinity for reproductive tract tissue.
Brucella canis:
What are the BC, reservoir, species affected, dz name, and how acquired?
BC: same for whole genus Res: dogs SA: dogs DN: Brucellosis Acq: Contact w/ vaginal secretions, urine, nursing & breeding
What is the pathology of Brucella canis?
Abortions in the last trimester. Prostatitis, epididymitis, and testicular atrophy in males.
How do you diagnose, treat and prevent Brucella canis?
Dx: Serology
Tx: No reliable tx. Encourage euthanasia. If do tx, be on long term ab and be spayed or neutered.
Pr. Screening by breeders. No immunization.
**Very low risk to humans–became a reportable dz in CO in ‘96.
Define Serology
A blood test for an antigen or the antibodies to that antigen.
Brucella abortus.
What are the BC, reservoir, species affected and dz name.
BC: same for whole genus
Res: occurs in nature (wildlife)
SA: cattle & related animals (buffalo, elk, moose, antelope), humans.
DN: "Bangs Dz" in cattle
"Undulant Fever" in humans
"Brucellosis" in all animalsHow is Brucella abortus acquired?
1: ingestion (most important)–eating aborted fetus/placenta, urine on grass.
2. Uterine/vaginal secretions
3. Urine/semen of infected males
4. Aborted fetus, placenta
5. Via breeding/AI
What is the pathology of Brucella abortus?
MO goes to the reproductive tract:
- Abortion storms (usually last trimester/spontaneous)
- Mastitis (transmitted in milk)
- Testicular abnormalities/prostatitis
- Infertility/conception failures
How do you diagnose and treat Brucella abortus?
Dx: can be cultured, but grows slowly (aerobic to microaerophilic). So, serology (blood test) is the INITIAL DX IN MOST CASES.
*do Brucellosis test when hit breeding age, or selling, transporting, or slaughtering.
*Get more $ for negative animals
TX: None–slaughter
How do you prevent Brucella abortus?
- *Most states have a strict eradication program.
- -goal is to be Brucellosis free (CO, WY, MT)
- -State regs are confusing–changes depending on if dairy or beef cattle
- -More regs with diary b/c shed in milk
- -More regs when moving across state line–esp into state that’s free of it.
- -Grazing on private vs. federal land
- -Slaughter vs shipping–more strict for shipping
What are the 2 primary ways to eradicate Brucellosis?
1: Immunize
2: Testing
Discuss the use of immunization in attempting to eradicate Brucellosis.
- RB51 immunization given to females under 12 months old (5 mo is best in CO).–the imm causes infertility in males–dont do!
- Females receive an ear tattoo or right ear tagged with orange tag.
**RB51 can only be sold to USDA approved DVM. But even he/she can’t do after 12 months b/c it’s a live bacterin and will always get persistent titers (test +)
Discuss the use of testing in attempting to eradicate Brucellosis.
Serology: the frequency varies.
- Do annual testing in dairy cows in CO–test for titers
- Do prior to shipping
- Might depend on use
- Silver metal ear tag
Discuss Undulant Fever in humans.
- *symptoms: headache, malaise, fatigue, weight loss.
- *hard to treat b/c lives intracelluar
- *Chronic disability–relapses
- *Previously, got it from unpasteurized milk–why illegal to sell raw milk.
- *Now, most get it from bacterin–stick yourself, or into eyes, wounds and mouth
Discuss the 4 tiny points about Brucella suis.
1: Affects swine
2: similar to abortus, but low cases in US
3: testing is the only control
4. No immunization available
Brucella ovis:
Give BC, SA, pathology and prevention.
1: same BC as abortus
2: Sheep are affected (more rams than ewes)
3. Causes severe orchitis, epididymititis, and impaired infertility
4. Immunize and test males only
Describe Brucella melitensis:
- *Affects sheep, goats, camels, llamas
- *Increasing cases in TX
- *Human cases reported more in lab workers
Give the BC & Reservoir for Bordetella bronchiseptica.
BC: Pili–help attach to MM of resp tract
Res: URT of dogs, cats, swine, and many others
Give the SA & DN of Bordetella bronchiseptica
SA: Dogs, cats, lab animals, and wildlife
DN:
“Infectious tracheobronchitis” in all
“Kennel Cough” in dogs
“Atrophic rhinitis” in pigs
How is Bordetella bronchiseptica acquired?
Inhalation!
Very contagious!
Via aerosols–cough & sneeze
Describe the pathology of Bordetella bronchiseptica.
Dogs: Destroys ciliated epithelium, so have decreased resp clearance. Dry hacking, non-productive cough=tends to happen on tracheal manipulation
Cats: URI
Pigs: In young pigs under 6 weeks. Destroys the nasal trubinates (bony sinus passage in snout). Very disfiguring. No tx-euthanize
How do you diagnose & treat Bordetella bronchiseptica?
Dx: easy to grow in lab, but usually dx based on symptoms
Tx. ab in cats and dogs
No effective tx for pigs
How do you prevent Bordetella bronchiseptica?
**Can spread quickly through boarding facility, hospital, household quickly–so isolate infected animal. GOOD VENTILATION
*Dogs: intra nasal bacterin-last 6 months
sub Q–last longer but not as effect.
*Cats: new bacterin available
++most cats/dogs get over it on their own
*Pigs: Immunize preg sows to boost AB in colostrum.
What are the BC of the genus Pasteurella?
Non-Enteric GNROD. Becoming resistant to ab. Normal flora in the oral cavity and resp tract of many species, especially cats & rats
Pasteurella hemolytica: What are the BC, reservoir, SA, DN and how acquired?
BC: Non enteric GNROD. Oxidase + Res: NF of nasopharynx of cattle SA: cattle (more common in calves) DN: Shipping Fever Acq: inhalation of the MO
What is the new name of the MO Pasteurella hemolytica?
Mannheimia haemolytica
What is the pathology of Pasteurella hemolytica?
Rarely causes infection by itself. Usually have 3 predisposing factors:
1: presence of respiratory virus (FBR, BRSV, BVD, or PI3)
2. Presence of Pasteurella MO
3. stress
How do you diagnose, treat & prevent Pasturella hemolytica?
Dx: can grow but usually diagnose clinically
Tx. ab
Pr: Vaccinate for respiratory viruses, decreases stress & use Pasturella bacterin
*only works in young animals
Pasteurella multocida: What BC, reservoir, SA, DN & how acquired?
BC: non-enteric GNROD
Res: NF of nasopharynx & oral cavity of many
SA: rabbits, dogs, cats, humans
DN: "Snuffles" --rabbits
"Avian Cholera"--birds
URI, bite wound abscess--dogs/cats
"Septicemia"--humans
Acq: inhalation, woundsWhat is the pathology for Pasteurella multicida in rabbits?
Rabbits: 1) Sneezing (nasal & ocular discharge)
2). conjunctivitis (settles in eyes)
3) abscesses (Pus–thick white cream cheese)
4)stop eating
5) otitis
6) CNS
+++can have any combo of these or have along
What is the pathology of Pasteurella multicida in birds?
1) Nasal/ocular discharge (secretion from
beak)
2) Diarrhea
3) highly fatal
What is the pathology of Pasteurella multicida in dogs & cats?
1) Otitis
2) Bite wound abscess (esp cats) **best known for: can develop infx in 12 hrs in cat bite or 24 hr in dog bite
* *have to amputate to stop infx
What is the pathology of Pasteurella multicida in humans?
- *get it from bite wounds
1) swollen lymph nodes
2) Red lines up arm–bacteremia (blood infx)
How do you diagnose, treat & prevent Pasteurella multicida?
Dx: can be grown but usually based on symptoms
Tx: ab, but difficult due to drug resistance. Can be fatal if don’t seek tx right away
Pr. Rabbits–remove rabbits that carry the organism.
Cats/dogs/humans–prevent bites:)
Moraxella bovis: What are the BC, reservoir, SA, DN & how acquired?
BC: non-enteric GNROD. Coccobacillia, but can look GNCOC. Very small rod.
Res. NF of conjunctive, nasopharynx of cattle
SA: cattle
DN: IBK = “Infectious Bovine Kerato Conjunctivitis” = “Pink Eye”
Acq: damage to MM of eye
What is the pathology of Moraxella bovis?
1) more common in white-faced cattle (lact melanocytes)
2) UV radiation (sun burn) predisposes them to it because its causes cell & tissue damage creating a good environment for infx.
3) See outbreaks when animals are grazing in tall grass
4) with dry, dusty conditions (scratches causes irritation to conjunctiva)
5) Flies
6) Damage to tissue will allow MO to causes severe inflammation to eye & lid
How do you diagnose, treat, and prevent Moraxella bovis (Pink Eye)?
Dx: clinically
Tx: ab, patches
Pr. try to prevent damage to eye. Bacterin
Misc: Zoonotic. If treat cow & don’t wash hands, can get infected
Francisella tularensis: What are the BC, reservoir, SA & DN?
BC: non-enteric GNROD
Res. Rodents, lagomorphs (rabbits), & other wildlife
SA: humans, dogs, cats
DN: “Tularemia” or “Rabbit Fevor”
How is Francisella tularensis acquired?
1) Transmitted by vector–usually a tick
2) People can get by handling infx animal
3) also by ingestion (rabbit meat)
4) inhalation (rabbit hunters/trappers, when skin, aerosolize blood)
5) In US, 70% of human cases are from contact with COTTON TAIL RABBIT
What is the pathology of Francisella tularensis?
MO & Dz very similar to the Plague
- -infx looks like bubonic plague
- -large lymph nodes
- -high fevor, fatigue, anorexia
How do you diagnose, treat, and prevent Francisella tularensis?
Dx: Serology–to dangerous to grow
Tx: ab
Pr: never play with a wild rabbit in months w/o an “R” it it = May, June, July, August–highest incidents of transmission
What are the bacterial characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
1) Non-enteric GNROD, Oxidase +
2) colony morphology-irregular shape, flat, grayish sheen. Kinda swarmy.
3) Characteristic odor: Fruity, grape soda, sweet. or corn tortillas
4) Ubiquitous
5) thrives in unsanitary, moist environments
6) Huge problems in hospitals-nosocomial
7) been isolated from anesthetic equip, sinks, humidifiers, soap bars, antiseptic solutions, eyedrop solutions, & ventilators
8) can survive in any warm moist env.
9) Opport. pathogen–rarely infects normal healthy animals
10) in people, worse problem in burn units
What are the SA & how acquired of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
SA: all
Acq: opportunistics
**causes “itis” infx
What is the pathology of Pseuodmonas aeroginosa?
- Causes variety of infx in people and lots of animals
1) Horses: abortions, repro problems
2) Cattle: mastitis, abortions
3) Dogs/Cats: dermatitis, cystitis, otitis (pendulous ears)
4) All: likes to infect wounds, sx incisions & burns - *Characteristic blue, green pus
How do you dx & tx Pseudomonas aeroginosa?
Dx: easy to grow. Oxidase +, colony morphology, Green color on Mueller Hinton
Tx: Resistant to lots of ab
What are bacterial characteristics for the genus Campylobacter?
1) GN slightly curved rods, can look somewhat like spirochetes. Often stay hooked together after they divide–look like flying seagulls
2) Very motile
3) Microaerophilic to anaerobic.
4) Very picky–hard to grow in lab
Campylobacter fetus:
What are the BC, SA, DN & how acquired?
BC: same for all genus
SA: cattle & sheep
DN: “Vibriosis”
Acq: breeding
What is the pathology of Campylobacter fetus?
Abortions & Infertility
How do you dx, tx & prevent Campylobacter fetus?
Dx: screen males by doing a preputial washing & send to special lab in CETM (Campy Enriched Transport Media)
Tx: cull all who test (+)
Pr: Screen new bulls
Campylobacter jejuni/coli: What are the BC, SA, DN, and how acquired?
BC: same for all genus
SA: all
DN: "Wet Tail"--hamsters
"Winter Dystenery" --cattle/sheep
"Enteritis"--all animals & humans
Acq: ingestionWhat is the pathology of Campylobacter jejuni/coli?
1) Hamster: severe enteritis. Stinky inx. Fatal from dehyrations
2) Cattle/sheep: severe enteritis, scours
3) Getting to be the leading causes of enteritis or diarrhea in people, dogs, cats, cattle, sheep, chickens, turkeys & ferrets
How do you dx Campylobacter jejuni/coli?
Fecal Wet Mount: Put feces & saline on slide with cover slip. Look for darting motility
How do you ID non-enteric GNRODs?
- *For the most part, all are oxidase (+)
- *Commercial strip–like API
- *Often don’t need test strips–use symptoms
How do you ID Brucella, Bordetella, & Pasterurella?
Brucella: serology–can culture (long time)
Pasteurella: Common GNROD. Won’t grown on MAC but will on BAP. Shipping Fever in cattle & Snuffles in rabbits.
Bordetalla: Dx “Kennel Cough” through history & clinical signs. Can be cultured
How do you ID Francisella, Moraxella, Pseudomonas & Campylobacter?
Francisella: Tularemia dx w/ serology. Hard to grow–need special media
Moraxella: “Pink Eye” dx clinically –does grow in lab but not on MAC
Pseudomonas: Easy to culture. B/G color, esp on Mueller Hinton–base on smell and colony morphology
Campylobacter: Fecal Wet Mount–darting seagulls. For Vibriosis, preputial wash and look for curved rods.
What are the characteristics of Spirochetes?
1) Spiral shaped MO
2) don’t gram stain well
3) Use Special stains –silver stains or other cytology stains
4) Serology is best for dx
5) Most are hard to see under regular light microscope-need specialized microscope
What dz does Treponema cause?
- *Spirochete**
1) Important in humans–Syphilis
2) Swine Dysentery
3) Rabbit venereal Dz
4) Bovine Interdigital Dermatitis- -Hairy Foot Warts
- -Heel Warts
Discuss the 5 points on the genus Leptospira.
- *Spirochete**
1) Leptospirosis in animals
2) “Wiel’s Disease” in humans: fever, jaundice, nephritis.
3) MO is shed in urine of infected animals
4) Are many species (13) and strains
5) Immunization is constantly changing
Leptospira interrogans: Where is it found and what species are affected?
Spirochete
Location: More common in south & Hawaii–better in tropical climates
SA: Dog, cow, horse, pig–most common cause of lepto in animals
**Infx been found in rats (can go to humans)
How do dogs acquire Leptospira interrogans?
- Direct contact with infx urine, venereal.
- Placental transfer
- Bite wounds
- Ingestion of contaminated meat
- Contact w/ infx rat
What is the pathology of Leptospira interrogans?
Horses: eye infx (moon blindness) but not only cause of moon blindness.Abortions
Cattle: may cause abortions and infertility
Pigs: abortions
What are the 4 most important strains of Leptospira interrogans?
1) canicola
2) icterohaemorrhagiae
3) pomona
4) grippotyphosa
How do you prevent Leptospira interrogans?
Immunization for horses, cattle, dogs & swine
How do you diagnose Leptospira interrogans?
Direct exam of urine (use special stains & dark field microscope).
Hard to culture but serology or PCR is best.
(Serology tells you Gs, but PCR tells you Gss)
Borrelia burgdorferi: What does is cause & where is it endemic?
Causes Lyme Dz: in humans, dogs, horses, cattle & cats. **dogs/humans are most susceptible
Endemic in NE, Midwest, & N CA.
Borrelia burgdorferi: What are the peak months and how else can it be transmitted besides the tick?
June, July, September
also from human to human by crabs & lice
What is reservoir host & vector for Borrelia burgdorferi?
Res: white footed mouse
Vector: tick (Ixodes–deer tick)
What is the pathology of Borellia burgdorferi (Lyme Dz) in animals?
1) Lameness–intermittent and shifting legs
2) appear painful–ADR
3) usually progresses to arthritis
4) May also see CNS signs like seizures and changes in behavior
What is the pathology of Borellia burgdorferi (Lyme Dz) in people?
Bulls Eye Rash
Arthritis
Cardiac Problems
How do you dx and prevent Borellia burgdorferi (Lyme Dz)?
Dx: Serology–new Idexx in house snap test
Pr. Immunization: dogs and humans
**20-30 strains & bacterin only does a few
What are the 4 most important strains of Leptospira interrogans?
1) canicola
2) icterohaemorrhagiae
3) pomona
4) grippotyphosa
What are the 4 most important strains of Leptospira interrogans?
1) canicola
2) icterohaemorrhagiae
3) pomona
4) grippotyphosa
How do you prevent Leptospira interrogans?
Immunization for horses, cattle, dogs & swine
How do you prevent Leptospira interrogans?
Immunization for horses, cattle, dogs & swine
How do you diagnose Leptospira interrogans?
Direct exam of urine (use special stains & dark field microscope).
Hard to culture but serology or PCR is best.
(Serology tells you Gs, but PCR tells you Gss)
Borrelia burgdorferi: What does is cause & where is it endemic?
Causes Lyme Dz: in humans, dogs, horses, cattle & cats. **dogs/humans are most susceptible
Endemic in NE, Midwest, & N CA.
What is reservoir host & vector for Borrelia burgdorferi?
Res: white footed mouse
Vector: tick (Ixodes–deer tick)
Borrelia burgdorferi: What are the peak months and how else can it be transmitted besides the tick?
June, July, September
also from human to human by crabs & lice
What is the pathology of Borellia burgdorferi (Lyme Dz) in animals?
1) Lameness–intermittent and shifting legs
2) appear painful–ADR
3) usually progresses to arthritis
4) May also see CNS signs like seizures and changes in behavior
What is the pathology of Borellia burgdorferi (Lyme Dz) in people?
Bulls Eye Rash
Arthritis
Cardiac Problems
How do you dx and prevent Borellia burgdorferi (Lyme Dz)?
Dx: Serology–new Idexx in house snap test
Pr. Immunization: dogs and humans
**20-30 strains & bacterin only does a few
Brucella canis
Brucellosis
Brucella abortus
Brucellosis–all species
Bangs Dx—cattle
Undulant Fever–human
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Infx Tracheobronchitis
Kennel Cough–dogs
Atrophic Rhinitis–pigs
Pasteurella hemolytica
Shipping Fever
Pasteurella multocida
Snuffles–rabbits
Avian Cholera–birds
URI, bite wound abscess–cats/dogs
Septicema–humans
Moraxella bovis
IBK: Infx Bovine Kerato Conjunctivitis
“Pink Eye”
Francisella tularensis
Tularemia or Rabbit Fever
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
itis
Campylobacter fetus
Vibriosis
Campylobacter jejuni/coli
Wet Tail–hamsters
Winter Dysentery–Swine
Enteritis–all animals & humans
Treponema
Human syphilis Swine Dysentery Rabbit Venereal Dz Bovine Interdigital Dermatitis -Hairy Foot Warts -Heel Warts
Leptospira
Leptospirosis in animals
“Wiel’s Dz”–humans
Leptospira interrogans
most common cause of Leptospirosis in animals
Burrelia burgdorferi
Lyme Dz
