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microbiology chapter 5 > microbiology exam 3 > Flashcards

microbiology exam 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

catabolism

A

breaking down compounds into components, releases atp, exergonic reaction through hydrolysis

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2
Q

anabolism

A

building compounds from smaller units, dehydration

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3
Q

enzymes

A

required for all reactions, applies pressure, changes shape of bond

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4
Q

coenzyme

A

activator for enzymes role

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5
Q

enzyme reactions

A

reversible, influenced by temperature, regulated by substrate concentration, product , inhibitors

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6
Q

atp, adp,amp

A

adosine triphosphate, diphosphate, monophosphate

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7
Q

how is atp made?

A

substrate level phosphorylation

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8
Q

kinase

A

donates phosphate

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9
Q

glucose-> glycolysis
(substrate, energy captured, product)

A

substate: glucose (6-C)
energy captured: 2ATP,2NADH
product: 2 pyruvate

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10
Q

glycolysis->pyruvate oxidation
(product, energy, process)

A

product: 2 CO2
energy: NADH
2 pyruvate-> 2 acetyl COA

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11
Q

pyruvate oxidation-> Krebs cycle
(input, bond, forms, energy)

A

input: 2 acetyl COA
bond: each acetyl to oxaloacetate, recycled, 4CO2 produced
forms: 2 citrate
energy: 2 ATP, 6NADH, 2 FADH2

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12
Q

electron transport chain & oxidative phosphorylation
( input, mechanism, energy, recycled, final electron acceptor)

A

input: 10NADH, 2FADH2, Oxygen
mechanism: transfer of electrons via ETC
energy: net 28ATP
recycled: NAD+ & FAD
02 final electron acceptor

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13
Q

pentose phospate

A

five carbon sugars, synthesis of nucleic acids, carbon fixation,

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14
Q

Enter-Doudoroff pathway

A

alt. glucose metabolism
different intermediates

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15
Q

nitrate

A

fully oxidized, reduced to N02-, N2, N20, pseudomonas, bacillus

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16
Q

sulfate

A

fully oxidized, reduced to H2S, desulfovibrio

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17
Q

carbon dioxide

A

fully oxidized, reduced to CH4, some archaea

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18
Q

oxidation

A

removing elections reduce energy

19
Q

reduction

A

adding electron increasing energy

20
Q

hydrolysis

A

break molecules down+ release energy

21
Q

dehydration

A

build molecules up, require energy

22
Q

ion

A

inorganic molecule required for enzyme function

23
Q

lactic acid fermentation

A

glucose oxidized into 2 pyruvic acids, generates energy to form atp, reduced by NADH

24
Q

alcohol fermentation

A

glycolysis-> pyruvate-> 2ATP-> 2 acetaldehyde->ethanol

25
Q

lactobacilli

A

response to estrogen levels, upper and lower vaginal tract, create a balanced environment

26
Q

micorbiomes ( vaginal)

A

lactobacillus crispatus
lactobacillus gasseri
lactobacillus iners
polymicrobial flora
lactobacillus jensenii

27
Q

effects of lactobacilli

A

low PH, thick mucus membrane, low microbial diversity

28
Q

high lactobacilli in…

A

weeks post birth, pregnancy, puberty

29
Q

low lactobacilli in..

A

months post birth, childhood, menopause

30
Q

c-diff

A

healthcare acquired infections, transmitted through fecal, staff, unclean tools

31
Q

c-diff symptoms

A

dishrrhea, fever, loss of appetite, nausea, stomach pain, dehydration, kidney failure, death

32
Q

c-diff microbio & treatment

A

gram +, bacilli, anaerobic, extoxins, antibiotics, surgery, probiotics

33
Q

hiv/aids

A

sexually transmitted, body fluids
, targets body fluids, synthesizes new viruses

34
Q

stage 1 hiv

A

acute, rapid hiv production, flu symptoms

35
Q

stage 2 hiv

A

asymptomatic, gradual reduction of CD4 cells

36
Q

stage 3 hiv/aids

A

low CD4 cells, opportunistic infections

37
Q

tuberculosis

A

mycobacterium, targets lungs, air borne/spread

38
Q

tuberculosis symptoms

A

weight loss, fatigue, blood- cough, fever,

39
Q

tb diagnosis & treatment

A

skin test, physical exam, blood, x-ray

antibiotics (takes 4 mo.)

40
Q

photoautotrophs

A

use light source as energy, CO2 as carbon source

41
Q

photoheterotrophs

A

use light source as energy ,uses organic compounds for sugar

42
Q

chemoautotrophs

A

uses electrons from reduced inorganic compounds as energy, CO2 as carbon

43
Q

chemoheterotrophs

A

uses organic compounds for energy and sugar

microbiology chapter 5 (1 decks)

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