Microbiology Exam 2 (cont.) Flashcards
A base substitution mutation in a gene sometimes does not result in a different protein. Which of the following factors could account for this?
a. the mutation affects only the sequence of amino acids, so the protein stays the same
b. the fact that such mutations are usually accompanied by a complementary deletion
c. the rarity of such mutations
d. some amino acids are produced from more than one codon
e. a correcting mechanism that is part of the mRNA molecule
d. some amino acids are produced from more than one codon
The following steps must be performed to make a bacterium produce human protein X: 1-Translation; 2-Restriction enzyme; 3-Prokaryotic transcription; 4-DNA ligase; 5-Transformation; 6-Eukaryotic transcription; 7-Reverse transcription. Put the steps in the correct sequence. A) 5, 2, 3, 4, 7, 6, 1 B) 1, 2, 3, 5, 4, 7, 6 C) 6, 7, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1 D) 6, 7, 2, 4, 5, 3, 1 E) 6, 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7
D) 6, 7, 2, 4, 5, 3, 1
A source of heat-stable DNA polymerase is
A) Agrobacterium tumefaciens. B) Thermus aquaticus. C) Saccharomyces cerevisiae. D) Bacillus thuringiensis. E) Pseudomonas.
B) Thermus aquaticus.
You have a small gene that you wish replicated by PCR. You add radioactively labeled nucleotides to the PCR thermocycler. After 3 replication cycles, what percentage of the DNA single strands are radioactively labeled?
A) 0% B) 12.5% C) 50% D) 87.5% E) 100%
D) 87.5%
A population of cells carrying a desired plasmid is called a
A) Library. B) Clone. C) Vector. D) Southern blot. E) PCR.
B) Clone.
If you have inserted a gene in the Ti plasmid, the next step in genetic engineering is
A) Transformation of E. coli with Ti plasmid.
B) Splicing T DNA into a plasmid.
C) Transformation of an animal cell.
D) Inserting the Ti plasmid into Agrobacterium.
E) Inserting the Ti plasmid into a plant cell.
D) Inserting the Ti plasmid into Agrobacterium.
A source of heat-stable DNA polymerase is A) Agrobacterium tumefaciens. B) Thermus aquaticus. C) Saccharomyces cerevisiae. D) Bacillus thuringiensis. E) Pseudomonas.
B) Thermus aquaticus.
Pieces of DNA stored in yeast cells are called a A) Library. B) Clone. C) Vector. D) Southern blot
A) Library.
Which of the following is an advantage of using E. coli to make a human gene product? A) Endotoxin may be in the product. B) It doesn't secrete most proteins. C) Its genes are well known. D) It can't process introns.
C) Its genes are well known.
Subunit vaccines can be made by genetic modification of yeast cells. A side effect of these vaccines might be
A) The disease.
B) A yeast infection.
C) Due to extraneous material.
D) Failure of the vaccine to provide immunity.
E) None of the above.
E) None of the above.
In Figure 9.4, the vector is A) A virus. B) A plasmid. C) A library. D) RNA. E) Pseudomonas.
B) A plasmid.
In Figure 9.4, the process required in step 5 is A) Transformation. B) Southern blotting. C) PCR. D) Transcription. E) Conjugation.
A) Transformation.
In Figure 9.4, the resulting organism (a) is A) Bacillus thuringiensis. B) Pseudomonas fluorescens. C) A tomato plant. D) E. coli. E) a plant × Pseudomonas hybrid.
C) A tomato plant.
Which of the following methods of making rDNA could be described as "hit or miss"? A) Protoplast fusion B) Viral transduction C) Transformation D) Cloning E) Gene gun
A) Protoplast fusion
You want to determine whether a person has a certain mutant gene. The process involves using a primer and Taq. This process is A) Translation. B) Restriction mapping. C) Transformation. D) PCR. E) Site-directed mutagenesis.
D) PCR.
PCR can be used to identify an unknown bacterium because A) The RNA primer is specific. B) DNA polymerase will replicate DNA. C) DNA can be electrophoresed. D) All cells have DNA. E) All cells have RNA.
A) The RNA primer is specific.
The figure at the left in Figure 9.3 shows a gene identified by Southern blotting. What will a Southern blot of the same gene look like after PCR? A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e
D) d
If you have inserted a gene in the Ti plasmid, the next step in genetic engineering is
A) Transformation of E. coli with Ti plasmid.
B) Splicing T DNA into a plasmid.
C) Transformation of an animal cell.
D) Inserting the Ti plasmid into Agrobacterium.
E) Inserting the Ti plasmid into a plant cell.
D) Inserting the Ti plasmid into Agrobacterium.
A specific gene can be inserted into a cell by all of the following EXCEPT A) Protoplast fusion. B) A gene gun. C) Microinjection. D) Electroporation. E) Agrobacterium.
A) Protoplast fusion.
In Figure 9.4, the vector is A) A virus. B) A plasmid. C) A library. D) RNA. E) Pseudomonas.
B) A plasmid.
A population of cells carrying a desired plasmid is called a A) Library. B) Clone. C) Vector. D) Southern blot. E) PCR.
B) Clone.
How many pieces will EcoRI produce from the plasmid shown in Figure 9.1? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
b. 2
In Figure 9.1, after digestion with the appropriate restriction enzyme, what is the smallest piece containing the ampicillin-resistance (amp) gene? A) 0.17 kilobase pairs B) 0.25 kbp C) 1.08 kbp D) 1.50 kbp E) 3.00 kbp
D) 1.50 kbp
In Figure 9.2, the enzyme in step 1 is A) DNA polymerase. B) DNA ligase. C) RNA polymerase. D) Reverse transcriptase. E) Spliceosome.
C) RNA polymerase.
In Figure 9.2, the enzyme in step 2 is A) DNA polymerase. B) DNA ligase. C) RNA polymerase. D) Reverse transcriptase. E) Spliceosome.
D) Reverse transcriptase.
Which of the following is NOT an agricultural product made by DNA techniques? A) Frost retardant B) Bacillus thuringiensis insecticide C) Nitrogenase (nitrogen fixation) D) Glyphosate-resistant crops E) Pectinase
E) Pectinase
Suicide genes can be controlled by the fimbriae-gene operator. This would result in the death of A) All cells. B) Cells making flagella. C) Cells making fimbriae. D) Cells at 37°C. E) Conjugating cells.
C) Cells making fimbriae.
