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Dental Nurse Exam > Microbiology&Decontamination > Flashcards

Microbiology&Decontamination Flashcards

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1
Q

List 3 types of micro-organisms:

A

Bacteria
Fungi
Virus
***Bacterial spores

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2
Q

Cross infection

A

Transfer of micro- organisms from one person to another e.g patient to patient

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3
Q

Disinfection

A

Chemical killing of bacteria and fungi but not all viruses or spores

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4
Q

Sterilisation

A

Killing of all micro- organisms: bacteria, viruses, fungi and spores

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5
Q

Decontamination

A

Range of process: cleaning, disinfection, and/or sterilisation which render instruments & equipment safe for reuse

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6
Q

Zoning

A

Having separate clean and dirty zones to reduce the risk of cross infection

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7
Q

Pathogenic

A

Micro-organisms able to cause disease

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8
Q

Give 2 examples of diseases caused by pathogens

A

Hep B

TB/ Hep C/ common cold/ Flu

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9
Q

A micro- organism capable of causing disease is described as

A

Pathogenic

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10
Q

A micro organism which can cause disease is said to be

A

Pathogenic

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11
Q

Standart precautions

A

Treat all patients as infectious

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12
Q

What do you understand by the abbreviation SICPs

A

Standart Infections Control Precautions

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13
Q

Give an example of how you apply SICPs

A

Treat all patiamts as infectious

Follow practice cross infection policy

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14
Q

Prion

A

Abnormal protein unable to be destroyed by autoclaving

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15
Q

A person who has no symptoms of a disease but may pass it on to another person is called a

A

Carrier

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16
Q

What is teh term used for a documented quality assurance procedure applied to each stage of the decontamination process to ensure the procedure is consistently carried out to a required standart

A

Validation

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17
Q

Why is it important to keep records in relation to cross infection

A

For validation (proof)

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18
Q

Bacteria

A

Streptococcus mutants - dental caries

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19
Q

Fungi

A

Candida albicans - oral trush, denture stomatitis, angular cheilitis

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20
Q

Virus

A

Herpex simplex - herpes labialis ( cold sore)

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21
Q

Complete the following table giving an example of each type of micro-organism

A

Bacteria - streptococcus mutans

Fungi - candida albicans

Virus - Herpex simplex

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22
Q

Name the disease caused by the following micro- organisms

A

Streptococcus mutans - dental caries

Candida albicans - oral trush, denture stomatitis, angular cheilitis

Herpes simplex - herpes labialis ( cold sore)

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23
Q

Name the disease caused by the following micro- organisms

A

Lactobacillus - Dental caries

Borellia Vincentii - ANUG

Legionella - Legionnaries Disease

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24
Q

Name the micro - organism that cause denture stomatitis

A

Candida albicans

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25
Q

Name the micro- organism mainly responsible for Angular cheilitis

A

Candida albicans

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26
Q

Name the micro organism that causes a cold sore

A

Herpes simplex

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27
Q

Name a micro organism mainly involved in dental caries

A

Streptococcus mutans

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28
Q

Which one of the following micro- organisms is rod shaped

A

Bacilli

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29
Q

Which bacteria is round in shape

A

Cocci

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30
Q

What shape are cocci bacteria

A

Round

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31
Q

Which one of the following is a bacterium

A

Lactobacillus

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32
Q

What does the abbreviation SDCEP stand for

A

Scottish Dental Clinical Effectiveness Programme

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33
Q

Detail the correct time, temperature and pressure for an autoclave

A

3 minutes, 134C, 2.2 bar

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34
Q

A mannual test of an autoclave should be carried out and recorded, how often

A

Once per day

35
Q

State the 3 values you should record during a manual test of an autoclave

A

Time temperature pressure

36
Q

List the 3 values that should be recorded during a manual test of a steriliser

A

Time - 3 minutes
Temperature - 134
Pressure - 2.2 bar

37
Q

List 3 items which are sterilised by gamma- irradiation

A

Scalpel
Sutures
Local anaesthetic/ needles/ disposable syringes/ cannula/ surgical gowns

38
Q

Indicate with a tick which 4 of the following are nirmally sterilised by gamma - irradiation

A

Cannula
Suture packs
Surgical gauze
Local anaesthetic needles

39
Q

Properties of the various types of autoclaves

A

N Type- non- vacuum- no bagging- 21 days

B Type- vacuum- bagging- 60days

40
Q

Hiw long can instruments be stored if sterilised in a “N Type”autoclave

A

21days

41
Q

How long can instruments be stored if sterlised in a “B type” autoclave

A

60 days

42
Q

Instruments aterilised in a “non-vacuum” autoclave can be pre- wrapped

A

False

43
Q

Can instruments be wrapped prior to sterilisation in a “B Type” autoclave

A

True

44
Q

Instruments sterilised in a vacuum autoclave can be pre-wrapped

A

True

45
Q

List the correct sequence for the washer disinfector cycle

A

Flush,Wash, Risne, Thermal Disinfection, Dry

46
Q

Accordnig to SDCEP guidelines, what temperature and time does the washer disinfector need to reach at the ‘thermal disinfection’ stage

A

80C for 10 minutes or 90C for 1 minute

47
Q

According to SDCEP guidelines, what is the maximum temperature reached by the washer disinfector need to reach during the flush stage

A

Less than 45 C

48
Q

Why is imporatnt it does „not exceed” this temperature at this stage

A

To prevent protein coagulation

49
Q

Name the micro-organism commonly found in dental unit water lines

A

Legionella

50
Q

For how long between patients should dental unit waterlines be flushed

A

Run water lines for 20-30 second

51
Q

For how long at the beginning of a session should dental unit waterlines be flushed

A

Run water lines for 2-3 minutes

52
Q

Why should dental unit water lines be flushed at the beginning of the session and between patients

A

Minimise the risk of legionella lying in the water lines

53
Q

List 2 diseases that dental nurses should be vaccinated against

A

Heb B

TB

54
Q

Following the third inoculation for Hep B, a blood sample is taken to check what

A

Titre levels

55
Q

Immunisation initiate the body to produce

A

Anti-bodies

56
Q

Name 2 types of immunity

A

Natural/artifical

Active/Passive

57
Q

Natural acquired active immunity

A

The person’s own cells produce antibodies in response to infection

58
Q

Artificially acquired active immunity

A

The oerson’s own cells produce antibodies in response to immunisation

59
Q

Naturally acquired passive immunity

A

In this immunity certian antibodies are passed from one to another e.g. In the bloodstream from the mother to baby

60
Q

What to the letters PPE stand for

A

P - Personal
P - Protective
E - Equipment

61
Q

List 4 types of PPE and the function of each

A

Gloves - protect hands from blood and saliva

Goggles/visor - protect eyes from blood and splatter/debris

Mask - Protect nose and mouth from blood and splatter

Uniform - Protect body from blood and splatter

62
Q

What is the recommended time for completion of the following types of hand hygiene

A

Clinical: 40-60 secs

Surgical scrub: 3-4 mins

63
Q

Name 2 procedures that involve surgical hand hygiene

A

Implant
Surgical extraction
Apicectomy
Oral surgery

64
Q

State the 3 actions a dental nurse should take in the event of suffering a sharps injury

A

Squeeze area to encourage bleeding

Wash under running water

Cover with waterproof dressing

65
Q

What do you understand by the term inoculation injury

A

Needlestick injury

66
Q

List 4 ways a dental nurse can reduce the risk of cross infection

A

Handwashing between patients
Zoning
Single use items
Autoclaving all reusable instruments

67
Q

What do you understand by the following terms relating to cross infection

A

Direct contact - passed from the infected person to the healthy person via direct physical contact with blood or body fluids

Indirect contact - no direct human contakt/ surface to person

68
Q

What type of disinfectand should the dental nurse use to deal with a spillage of blood

A

Sodium Hypochlorite

69
Q

Name 2 solutions which may be used to decontaminate the surgery surfaces

A

Sodium hypochlorite
Isopropyl alcohol
Detergent

70
Q

Give an example of use for the following disinfectants

A

Alcohol wipe - disinfected hard surfaces

Sodium hypochlorite - cleaning a blood spillage

71
Q

Indicate how the following surgery areas should be cleaned

A

Work surfaces- alcohol/disinfectant/detergent wipe ( between every patient and before start and after finish of each clinical session)

72
Q

Give an example of 2 standart infection control procedures that should be covered during staff induction

A

Hand washing policy
Disposal od waste policy
Cross infection policy

73
Q

Give an example of 2 records that should be kept by the surgery in relation to cross infection

A

Waste consignment notes

Autoclave cycles/ washer - disinfector cycle validation

74
Q

State 3 items that must be disposed of in a sharps box (yellow stream)

A

Needles
Endo files
Matrix bands

75
Q

State 2 actions which a dental nurse should take to prevent a sharps injury in the surgery

A

Safe handling and disposal of sharps in sharps box (close 2/3 full)

Wear thick rubber gloves/ use needle guards/ avoid lifting a large number of dirty instruments at the one time

76
Q

List 3 ways pathogen can enter the body

A

Inhalation
Ingestion
Injury

77
Q

Jow os hepatitos B mainly transmitted

A

Blood

78
Q

How is MRSS infection nirmally spread

A

Skin to skin contact (hands)

79
Q

Identyfy the following symbols and give an example of where ypu would find them in the surgery

A

Single use only (przekreslona 2 ) - in surgery box of gloves

Bio hazard - in surger clinical waste bag

80
Q

How often a patient’s medical history should be checked

A

Every visit

81
Q

What decontamination processes can be used in a dental surgery to ensure a contaminated item is safe for re-use

A

Sterilisation and disinfection

82
Q

How should you decontaminate an alginate impression

A

Rinse under tap to remove blood and saliva
Immerse in disinfectant solution (follow manufacturer’s instructions)
Remove, rinse and wet gauze
Label lab sheet as disinfected

83
Q

What is an ultrasonic bath used for

A

Debris removal

Dental Nurse Exam (2 decks)

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