Microbiology&Decontamination Flashcards
List 3 types of micro-organisms:
Bacteria
Fungi
Virus
***Bacterial spores
Cross infection
Transfer of micro- organisms from one person to another e.g patient to patient
Disinfection
Chemical killing of bacteria and fungi but not all viruses or spores
Sterilisation
Killing of all micro- organisms: bacteria, viruses, fungi and spores
Decontamination
Range of process: cleaning, disinfection, and/or sterilisation which render instruments & equipment safe for reuse
Zoning
Having separate clean and dirty zones to reduce the risk of cross infection
Pathogenic
Micro-organisms able to cause disease
Give 2 examples of diseases caused by pathogens
Hep B
TB/ Hep C/ common cold/ Flu
A micro- organism capable of causing disease is described as
Pathogenic
A micro organism which can cause disease is said to be
Pathogenic
Standart precautions
Treat all patients as infectious
What do you understand by the abbreviation SICPs
Standart Infections Control Precautions
Give an example of how you apply SICPs
Treat all patiamts as infectious
Follow practice cross infection policy
Prion
Abnormal protein unable to be destroyed by autoclaving
A person who has no symptoms of a disease but may pass it on to another person is called a
Carrier
What is teh term used for a documented quality assurance procedure applied to each stage of the decontamination process to ensure the procedure is consistently carried out to a required standart
Validation
Why is it important to keep records in relation to cross infection
For validation (proof)
Bacteria
Streptococcus mutants - dental caries
Fungi
Candida albicans - oral trush, denture stomatitis, angular cheilitis
Virus
Herpex simplex - herpes labialis ( cold sore)
Complete the following table giving an example of each type of micro-organism
Bacteria - streptococcus mutans
Fungi - candida albicans
Virus - Herpex simplex
Name the disease caused by the following micro- organisms
Streptococcus mutans - dental caries
Candida albicans - oral trush, denture stomatitis, angular cheilitis
Herpes simplex - herpes labialis ( cold sore)
Name the disease caused by the following micro- organisms
Lactobacillus - Dental caries
Borellia Vincentii - ANUG
Legionella - Legionnaries Disease
Name the micro - organism that cause denture stomatitis
Candida albicans
Name the micro- organism mainly responsible for Angular cheilitis
Candida albicans
Name the micro organism that causes a cold sore
Herpes simplex
Name a micro organism mainly involved in dental caries
Streptococcus mutans
Which one of the following micro- organisms is rod shaped
Bacilli
Which bacteria is round in shape
Cocci
What shape are cocci bacteria
Round
Which one of the following is a bacterium
Lactobacillus
What does the abbreviation SDCEP stand for
Scottish Dental Clinical Effectiveness Programme
Detail the correct time, temperature and pressure for an autoclave
3 minutes, 134C, 2.2 bar
A mannual test of an autoclave should be carried out and recorded, how often
Once per day
State the 3 values you should record during a manual test of an autoclave
Time temperature pressure
List the 3 values that should be recorded during a manual test of a steriliser
Time - 3 minutes
Temperature - 134
Pressure - 2.2 bar
List 3 items which are sterilised by gamma- irradiation
Scalpel
Sutures
Local anaesthetic/ needles/ disposable syringes/ cannula/ surgical gowns
Indicate with a tick which 4 of the following are nirmally sterilised by gamma - irradiation
Cannula
Suture packs
Surgical gauze
Local anaesthetic needles
Properties of the various types of autoclaves
N Type- non- vacuum- no bagging- 21 days
B Type- vacuum- bagging- 60days
Hiw long can instruments be stored if sterilised in a “N Type”autoclave
21days
How long can instruments be stored if sterlised in a “B type” autoclave
60 days
Instruments aterilised in a “non-vacuum” autoclave can be pre- wrapped
False
Can instruments be wrapped prior to sterilisation in a “B Type” autoclave
True
Instruments sterilised in a vacuum autoclave can be pre-wrapped
True
List the correct sequence for the washer disinfector cycle
Flush,Wash, Risne, Thermal Disinfection, Dry
Accordnig to SDCEP guidelines, what temperature and time does the washer disinfector need to reach at the ‘thermal disinfection’ stage
80C for 10 minutes or 90C for 1 minute
According to SDCEP guidelines, what is the maximum temperature reached by the washer disinfector need to reach during the flush stage
Less than 45 C
Why is imporatnt it does „not exceed” this temperature at this stage
To prevent protein coagulation
Name the micro-organism commonly found in dental unit water lines
Legionella
For how long between patients should dental unit waterlines be flushed
Run water lines for 20-30 second
For how long at the beginning of a session should dental unit waterlines be flushed
Run water lines for 2-3 minutes
Why should dental unit water lines be flushed at the beginning of the session and between patients
Minimise the risk of legionella lying in the water lines
List 2 diseases that dental nurses should be vaccinated against
Heb B
TB
Following the third inoculation for Hep B, a blood sample is taken to check what
Titre levels
Immunisation initiate the body to produce
Anti-bodies
Name 2 types of immunity
Natural/artifical
Active/Passive
Natural acquired active immunity
The person’s own cells produce antibodies in response to infection
Artificially acquired active immunity
The oerson’s own cells produce antibodies in response to immunisation
Naturally acquired passive immunity
In this immunity certian antibodies are passed from one to another e.g. In the bloodstream from the mother to baby
What to the letters PPE stand for
P - Personal
P - Protective
E - Equipment
List 4 types of PPE and the function of each
Gloves - protect hands from blood and saliva
Goggles/visor - protect eyes from blood and splatter/debris
Mask - Protect nose and mouth from blood and splatter
Uniform - Protect body from blood and splatter
What is the recommended time for completion of the following types of hand hygiene
Clinical: 40-60 secs
Surgical scrub: 3-4 mins
Name 2 procedures that involve surgical hand hygiene
Implant
Surgical extraction
Apicectomy
Oral surgery
State the 3 actions a dental nurse should take in the event of suffering a sharps injury
Squeeze area to encourage bleeding
Wash under running water
Cover with waterproof dressing
What do you understand by the term inoculation injury
Needlestick injury
List 4 ways a dental nurse can reduce the risk of cross infection
Handwashing between patients
Zoning
Single use items
Autoclaving all reusable instruments
What do you understand by the following terms relating to cross infection
Direct contact - passed from the infected person to the healthy person via direct physical contact with blood or body fluids
Indirect contact - no direct human contakt/ surface to person
What type of disinfectand should the dental nurse use to deal with a spillage of blood
Sodium Hypochlorite
Name 2 solutions which may be used to decontaminate the surgery surfaces
Sodium hypochlorite
Isopropyl alcohol
Detergent
Give an example of use for the following disinfectants
Alcohol wipe - disinfected hard surfaces
Sodium hypochlorite - cleaning a blood spillage
Indicate how the following surgery areas should be cleaned
Work surfaces- alcohol/disinfectant/detergent wipe ( between every patient and before start and after finish of each clinical session)
Give an example of 2 standart infection control procedures that should be covered during staff induction
Hand washing policy
Disposal od waste policy
Cross infection policy
Give an example of 2 records that should be kept by the surgery in relation to cross infection
Waste consignment notes
Autoclave cycles/ washer - disinfector cycle validation
State 3 items that must be disposed of in a sharps box (yellow stream)
Needles
Endo files
Matrix bands
State 2 actions which a dental nurse should take to prevent a sharps injury in the surgery
Safe handling and disposal of sharps in sharps box (close 2/3 full)
Wear thick rubber gloves/ use needle guards/ avoid lifting a large number of dirty instruments at the one time
List 3 ways pathogen can enter the body
Inhalation
Ingestion
Injury
Jow os hepatitos B mainly transmitted
Blood
How is MRSS infection nirmally spread
Skin to skin contact (hands)
Identyfy the following symbols and give an example of where ypu would find them in the surgery
Single use only (przekreslona 2 ) - in surgery box of gloves
Bio hazard - in surger clinical waste bag
How often a patient’s medical history should be checked
Every visit
What decontamination processes can be used in a dental surgery to ensure a contaminated item is safe for re-use
Sterilisation and disinfection
How should you decontaminate an alginate impression
Rinse under tap to remove blood and saliva
Immerse in disinfectant solution (follow manufacturer’s instructions)
Remove, rinse and wet gauze
Label lab sheet as disinfected
What is an ultrasonic bath used for
Debris removal
