Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Microbiology cram2 > Flashcards

Microbiology cram2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Lactose formers

A

“CEEK”
Citrobacter
Enterobacter

E.Coli (K1 capsule most important)
Klebsiella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Non lactose formers

A 
“SHYPS” 
 Shigella 
 Yersinia enterolytica (AKA Pestis) 
 Proteus 
 Salmonella
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

May lack color

A 
“These rascals may microscopically lack color”: 
 Treponema 
 Ricksetta 
 Mycobacterium 
 Mycoplasma 
 Legionella 
 Chlamydia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

­ cAMP

A 
“CAPE” 
 Cholera 
 Anthracis (Poly D glutamate capsule) 
 Pertusis (via Gi) 
 E.coli (LT enterotoxin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Have Capsules [ie… are Quellung Reaction (+)]

A

“Some killers have pretty nice capsules”
Strep. Pneumoniae
Klebsiella
HiB
Pseudamona Aeroginosa
Neisseria meningitis
Cryptococcus neoformans (only encapsulated fungal pathogen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dimorphic Fungi

A 
“Can Also Have Both Shapes” 
 Cocciodes 
 Aspergillus 
 Histolpasma 
 Blastomyces 
 Sprothrix schenkii
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Have b Prophage

A

“OBED”
O = Salmonella
B = Botulinum

E = Erythrogenic strep
D = Diptheria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Spore Forming Bacteria

A

Bacilus & Clostridium (have calcium di-picolinate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

IgA Proteases

A

Neisseria, Haemophilus, S. pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Widal Test

A

Salmonella (Salmonella begins in the ileocecal region) agglutination indicates Abs to O, H, Vi Salmunella Ags

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Wayson’s Stain

A

Yersinia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pneumonic Plaque Transmission

A

Person to person cf w/ Bubonic plaque that was via infected flea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Splenectomy

A

Predisposes to septicemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Invasins

A

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fusiform

A

Vincent’s trench mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

S. viridans

A

Dextran mediated adherence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Obligate Aerobes

A

Pseudomonas & Mycobacterium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Obligate Anaerobes

A

Clostridium, Actinomyces, Bacteroides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Staph aureus

A

A Protein, Catalase +/ Coagulase +

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Spirochetes

A

Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Non Motile Gram (+) Rods

A

Corenybacterium D & Nocardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Acid Fast Organisms

A

Mycobacterium; Cryptosporidium; Nocardia (partially); Legionella micdadei; Isospora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pigment Producing Bacteria

A

Serratia – red (can cause pseudohemoptysis)
Pseudomonas A – piocyanin blue/green
Staph Aureus – yellow – Protein A
Mycobacteria – photo/scoto chromogenic – caritinoid – yellow/orange
Corneybacterium D – black/gray – pseudomembrane plaque in throat
Bacteroides (Porphyromonas) melaninogenicus – black (heme)
E. coli – irredescent green sheen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Bacterial Morphology

A

Pneumococci – lancet shaped diplococci
Neisseria – kidney bean shaped diplococci
Camphylobacter – gulls’ wings/comas
Vibrio Cholera – coma shaped
Corneybacterium D – club shaped (nonmotile, G+Rod)
Yersinia – safety pin seen in Wayson’s stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Inclusion Bodies

A

Rabies – Negri bodies – intracytoplasmic
Pox virus – Guarnieri – intracytoplasmic & acidophilic
CMV – Owl’s eyes – intracytoplasmic & intranuclear
HSV – Cowdry bodies – intranuclear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Schistosoma Japonicum Monsoni

A

Intestinal – contact w/ bad water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Schistosoma Haematolium

A

Vesicular – contact w/ bad water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Non Human Schistosom

A

Swimmer’s itch – contact w/ bad water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Clonorchichis

A

Chinese liver fluke – eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Fasciola Hepatica

A

Sheep – eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Fasciola Biski

A

Giant intestinal flukes – eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Paragonimus Westermani

A

Lung fluke – eating raw fish. Txt: Praziquantel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Oxidase (+)

A

Neiserria and most Gram (-)s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Micro Aerophilic

A

Camphylobacter & Helicobacter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Urease (+)

A 
All Proteus – can cause Staghorn/Struvite calculi (NH4- Mg2- stones): alkaline urine  
 Ureaplasma 
 Campylobacter pylori (Helicobacter) 
 Cryptococcus 
 Nocardia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Coagulase (+)

A

Staph A & Yersenia pestis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Obligate Intracellular Bacteria

A

Chlamydia Pistacci (Chlamydia do not make own ATP); Mycobacterium Leprae; all Rickettsia except Roachalimea (make suficient ATP to survive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Protozoa

A

Plasmodium; Toxoplasma ghondi; Babesin; Leishmania; Trypanosoma Cruzi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Obligate Non Intracellular Parasites

A

Treponema palidum & Pneumocystis Carinii (cannot be cultured on inert media but can be found extra cellularly in the body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Haemophilus Factors

A

X = Protoporphyrin & V = NAD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

All cocci are

A

Gram (+) except for Neisseria & Moraxella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

“Eaton Fried Eggs”

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae has fried egg colonies on Eaton agar (needs cholesterol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Mycoplasma

A

No cell wall. Membrane has cholesterol. Smallest living bacteria.
P1 protein inhs ciliary action
Fried egg colonies
Atypical pneumonia – young adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Sabrands

A

Fungal media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Malassazia furfur

A

Spaghetti & meat ball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Measles’ 3C’s

A

Cough – Coryza – Conjunctivitis. Can also have photophobia

May lead to subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Non Motile Bacilli & Clostridium

A

B. Anthracis & C. Perfringens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Bloody diarrhea agents

A

EIEC – EHEC – Shigella - Yersenia enterocolitica – Entaemeba histolytica – Salmonella – Campylobacter jejuni

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

YW-135CA

A

N. meningitidis vaccine capsualr polysaccharide strains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Indian Ink

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Naegleria causes

A

Colonization in the nasal passages after swimming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Need Cysyeine for growth

A 
“Ella likes cysteine”: 
 Francisella 
 Brucella 
 Legionella 
 Pasturella
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Endotoxins, G(+) or G(-)

A

Gram (-): N. meningitidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Ecthyma Gangrenosum, seen w/

A

Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Target shaped skin lesions w/ a black center and red ring surrounding the lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Endospores G(+)

A

Gram (+): Bacillus & Clostridium – made up of dipicolinate & Keratin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Multi Brain Abscess

A

Nocardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Single Brain Abscess

A

Actinomyces israelli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

­ risk for Strep pneum Infection

A

Asplenic; Sickle cell anemia; immunocompromising illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

a Hemolysis/Optochin Sensitive

A

Strep. Pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

a Hemolysis/Optochin Resistant

A

Strep. Viridans (Subacute Endocarditis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Staph. Saprophyticus

A

Novobiocin Resistant (UTIs)

62
Q

Staph. Epidermidis

A

Novobiocin sensitive (Endocarditis in IVDUs)

63
Q

b Hemolysis/Bacitracin Sensitive

A

Strep. Pyogenes (pharyngitis; Scarlet fever; cellulitis; impetigo; Rheumatic fever))
Hyaluronic capsule; non-motile; M proteins; Endotoxin A

64
Q

b Hemolysis/Bacitracin Resistant

A

Strep. Agalactiae (Diabetes predisposes to infection)

65
Q

EFII Ribosylation

A

Diphtheria toxin & Pseudomonas exotoxon A

66
Q

Bacillus Anthracis: 3 toxins

A 
Protective Antigen (PA) 
 Lethal Factor = toxic to macrophages 
 Edema Factor = Increases cAMP
67
Q

Woolsorter’s Disease

A

Bacillus anthracis. DOC: Penicillin

68
Q

Grows in Rice

A

Bacillus Cereus

69
Q

Clostridium Perfringens

A

Double Zone b Hemolysis (test)
Lecithinase: a toxin = lyses RBCs
80% of gas gangrene (myonecrosis) cases

70
Q

Clostridium Difficile

A 
2 Toxins: Enterotoxin (Exotoxin A) & Cytotoxin (Exotoxin B) 
 Pseudomembranous colitis (can be precipitated by clindamycin/ampicillin)
71
Q

Spastic Paralysis toxin

A

Clostridium Tetani toxin

72
Q

Clostridium Botulinum

A

Bad canned foods have neurotoxin = flaccid paralysis (block Ach release)

73
Q

Infant Botulinum

A

Floppy Baby Syndrome. Pre formed toxin in honey

74
Q

Thayer Martin Agar

A

Neisseria ID

75
Q

DOC for N. gonorrhoeae

A

Ceftriazone

76
Q

K1 E. Coli Capsular Ag

A

Related w/ neonateal meningitis

77
Q

The A’s of Klebsiella

A

Alcoholics
Aspiration pneumonia
Abscesses in the lungs

78
Q

Rice H2O Diarrhea

A

Vibrio Cholera: metabolic acidosis

79
Q

Raw seafood intoxicaiton

A

Vibrio parahemolyticus

80
Q

Helicobacter Txt

A

Bismuth salts; Metronidazole; Tetracycline (or amoxicillin)

81
Q

­ risk of P. aeroginosa infection

A

Burn patients & Cystic fibrosis

82
Q

Contact lens’ infection

A

Pseudomonas aeroginosa

83
Q

Cat Bites

A

Pasteurella multocida

84
Q

Undulant Fever

A

Brucella

85
Q

Bordet Gengou Agar

A

Bordetella pertusis ID

86
Q

Lowenstein-Jensen medium

A

M. tuberculosis ID

87
Q

Cat Scratch Disease

A

Bartonella henselae. Leion can resemble Kaposi’s sarcoma.

Toxoplasmosis

88
Q

Pink Eye

A

Adenovirus (type 8)

89
Q

True Hemaphrodite

A

Testes & Ovaries are present

90
Q

Pseudo Hemaphrodite

A

External genitalia does not coincide w/ gonads

91
Q

Male Pseudo Hemaphrodite

A

Testicular Feminization

92
Q

HLA Genes Location

A

6p

93
Q

Parvovirus B19

A

Fifth Disease: Erythema Infectiosum (ssDNA). Linked w/ sicle cell anemia

94
Q

Interferon MOA

A

Inhibits viral replication (translation or transcription)

95
Q

Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis

A

Seen w/ infections from Enterovirus & Coxsackie A

96
Q

Parainfluenza Causes…

A

Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)

97
Q

Swimming Pool Conjunctivitis

A

Adenovirus (types 3 & 4)

98
Q

RSV

A

Bronchiolitis in infants

99
Q

Removed tonsils, find what virus

A

In 80%, Adenovirus. In the immunosuppressed, activation can occur

100
Q

Bone Fever

A

Dengue: Group B Togavirus, from the Arbovirus, transmitted by mosquitos

101
Q

HbsAg

A

Appears in blood soon after infection, before onset of acute illness
Disappears w/in 4-6 months after the start of clinical illness

102
Q

HbeAg

A

Appears early acute phase, indicates higher risk of transmitting the disease
Disappears before HbsAg is gone

103
Q

Anti-Hbc

A

Present in beginning of clinical illness

Seen in the “window phase”

104
Q

Filamentous Bacteria

A

Actinomycetes = Nocardia; Actinomyces; Streptomyces

105
Q

Listeria contaminates

A

Milk, cheese, vegetables (coleslaw) in recent infections

106
Q

Shiga like Toxin

A

E. Coli 0157/H7: Hemorrhagic colitis & Hemorrhagic uremic syndrome

107
Q

Necrotizing Fasciitis

A

Group A Streptococci

108
Q

Relapsing Fever

A

Borrelia recurrentis

109
Q

Loffler’s Medium

A

Corneybacterium diphtheriae

110
Q

Chlamydiae Developmental Cycle

A

Elementary Body: infeccious particle that Enters the cell
Reticulate Body: made from elementary body. Replicates, differentiates and releases elementary bodies to infect other cells
W/ infection you will see Glycogen containing inclusions
Cell wall lacks muramic acid

111
Q

Trench Fever

A

Rochalimaea quintana

112
Q

“Spotted Fever” Members

A 
Rickettssia rickettsii (RMSF) & R. akari (rickettsial pox) in the U.S. 
 R. sibirica (tick typhus in China) & R. australis (typhus in Australia)
113
Q

Thrush Txt

A

Nystatin txts candidiasis of the mouth

114
Q

Rose Bush Thorns

A

Have Sporothrix schenckii

115
Q

Contact lens solution infection

A

Acanthamoeba

116
Q

Filiariasis Causant

A

Wucheria bancrofti (infection aka elephantitis & wucheriasis

117
Q

Freshwater lake infection

A

Causes amebic meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri

118
Q

Reduviid bug bite

A

Transmits Trypanoma cruzi (Chagas’ disease): Romana’s Sign

119
Q

Schistosoma Haematobium causes

A

Bladder calcificaiton & cancer

120
Q

Schistosoma Mansoni causes

A

Presinusoidal HTN, splenomagaly, esophageal varices

121
Q

Snail, intermediate host of…

A

Schistosomiasis

122
Q

Ixodes scapularis transmits

A

Babesia (clinically rembles malaria) & Borelia burgdorferi

123
Q

Nantucket Protozoa

A

Babesia microt

124
Q

Infection by Reduviid Bug

A

Trypansoma cruzi: Chagas’ Disease

125
Q

Infection by TseTse Fly

A

Trypansoma brucei gambiense & rhodiense: African Sleeping Sickness

126
Q

Infection by Sandfly

A

Leishmaniasis: Mucocutaneous Diseases by L. braziliensis & Visceral Disease by L. donovani & Dermal Leishman by L. tropica, mexicana, peruviana

127
Q

Infection by Ixodes Tick

A

Babesia microti: Babesiosis & Borrelia burgdorferi: Lyme Disease

128
Q

Infection by Anopheles Mosquito

A

Malaria

129
Q

Trophozoites w/ “Face-Like” Appearance

A

Giardia lamblia

130
Q

Nonseptate Hyphae

A

Zygomycosis: Rhizopus & Mucor. Only mycosis w/o septate. Infect Ketoacidotic Diabetics.

131
Q

Histoplasmosis Geography

A

Ohio, Mississippi, Misouri River valleys

132
Q

Coocidioidomycosis Geography

A

Southwestern deserts, California

133
Q

Blastomycosis Geography

A

States east of Mississippi River

134
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis Geography

A

Latin America

135
Q

Roseola Infection, aka

A

Exanthema Subitum: “Sixth Disease” (Human Herpes Virus-6 dsDNA, enveloped)

136
Q

Herpangina

A

“Hand-Foot-and-Mouth” Disease: Coxsackie A (Picornavirus +ssRNA)

137
Q

Orthomyxovirus

A

–ssRNA, enveloped virus.
Spike Glycoproteins (peplomeres): HA = Hemagluttinin & NA = Neuraminidase. These peplomeres are what give the virus antigenis variation
Influenza A & B

138
Q

Paramyxovirus

A 
–RNA, enveloped. Most common cause of respiratory infections in kids 
 Mumps 
 Croup(Parainfluenza virus) 
 Rubeola(Measles virus) 
 RSV
139
Q

Togavirus

A

+ssRNA, enveloped
3 Day Measles: German Measles: Rubella/ Rubivirus
Encephalitis viruses: Alphaviruses: Eastern (more severe) and Western Equine Encephalitis

140
Q

Flaviviris

A

Dengue Fever – icterus & hemorrhage w/ blac vomit
Yellow fever
St. Louis Encephalitis – no hepatitis or hemorrhage

141
Q

Bunyavirus

A

–ssRNA, enveloped
California Encephalitis – severe bifrontal headaches
Hantavirus – hemorrhagic fever w/ acute resp. distress syndrome

142
Q

IgA Protease Activity

A

H. Influenzae (needs factors V & X for growth)
Strep. Pneumoniae
N. meningitidis
N. gonnorhoae
W/ this activity these bugs are able to colonize the oral mucosa.

143
Q

Diphtheria: ABCDEFG

A 
Adenopathy 
 b Prophage encodes the exotoxin 
 Corneybacteria is Club shaped 
 Diphtheria 
 Elongation Factor II 
 Granules (metachromatic)
144
Q

Only ssDNA

A

Parvovirus: “Part of a virus”

145
Q

Only dsRNA

A

Reovirus, “RepeatOvirus”

146
Q

Naked RNA

A

“Naked for CPR”: Calcivirus; Picornovirus; Reovirus

147
Q

2 circular DNAs

A

Papovavirus & Hepadnavirus

148
Q

BK

A

Papovavirus. Seen in kidney transplant patients (causes renal disease)

149
Q

Hepadna, Retrovirus?

A

No, but has reverse transcriptase

150
Q

Picornovirus: “PERCH”

A

Poiliovirus; Echo; Rhino; Coxsackie; Hep A

151
Q

Hemorrhagic Fevers

A
  1. Filovirus & Bunyavirus (Hantavirus)

Microbiology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions