Microbiology -- Chapter 1

Question 1

What are the 3 domains of life?

Answer 1

1) archae, 2) eukarya, 3) bacteria

Question 2

In which domain are microbes found?

Answer 2

All

Question 3

In which domains are prokaryotes found?

Answer 3

bacteria and archaea

Question 4

In which domain are eukaryotes found?

Answer 4

eukarya

Question 5

What are some major groups of eukaryotic microbes?

Answer 5

algae & plants, fungi & animals, protists

Question 6

Why are viruses said to be “non-living”? How do viruses differ from bacteria?

Answer 6

Viruses can only survive if they are in their host cell. Viruses are way smaller than bacteria, bacteria carry all the machines to reproduce while viruses carry genetic info.

Question 7

Who was Antony van Leeuwenhoek and waht is he credited for?

Answer 7

First to observe single-celled microbes, built a single-lens magnifier. He was a dutch cloth draoper who later became a lens grinder.

Question 8

What was the most notable contribution of Louis Pastuer?

Answer 8

revealed the microbial basis of fermentation. Providing oxygen does not enable spontaneous regeneration.

Question 9

What was the theory of spontaneous generation?

Answer 9

That living creatures could arise spontaneously withou parental organism (maggots?)

Question 10

What were some of the significant contributions made to the field of microbiology during “Golden Age” of Micro?

Answer 10

1) Koch developed technique of pure culture, 2) Jenner devise the practise of vaccination, 3) Pastuer invented/developed first vaccines based on attentuated strains (rabies), 4) Semmelweiss & Lister showed that antispetic prevented transmission of pathogens from doctor to patient. 6) Flemind disocvered penicillin kills bacteria. 8) Florey/ and Chain purified penicillin. 9) Beijernick discovered viruses as filterable infective particles.

Question 11

Briefly explain Koch’s Postulates?

Answer 11

1) microbe is found in every disease case but no healthy individuals. 2) microbe isolated and grown in pure culture. 3) when microbe given to healthy host, they get the disease. 4) same strain of disease is obtained from newly disease host. When cultured, straing show same characteristic as before.

Question 12

What were some of the significant contributions Koch made to the field of microbiology?

Answer 12

1) devised technique to obtain pure culture, 2) developed criteria to establish causative link between infectious agent and disease

Question 13

What were the advantages of using agar instead of gelation as a bacterial media?

Answer 13

Agar has a higher melting point than gelatin

Question 14

Understand the “scope and relevance of microbiology” (i.e - many different field under the included in study of microbiology).

Answer 14

microbial discoveres transformed medicine and industry, biotechnology enables production of pharmaceuticals and industrial products

Question 15

What are the many ways in which microbes impact our lives?

Answer 15

contribution to environment, food/drink, disease