Microbiology: Bacteria

Question 1

What are the two domains of Bacteria?

Answer 1

Eubacteria-Real bacteria
Archaea bacteria-Ancient bacteria
Extremophiles-Adapt to all environment even extreme ones

Question 2

All monerans are…

Answer 2

Prokaryotic and unicellular

Question 3

What does mycoplasmas bacteria cause?

Answer 3

Pneumonia and leukemia

Question 4

What does Rickettsias bacteria cause?

Answer 4

Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus fever

Question 5

What are the examples of eubacteria?

Answer 5

E. coli.

Question 6

What are cyanobacteria?

Answer 6

All photosynthetic, autotrophic

Once called blue green algae

Question 7

What are the three basic shapes of bacteria

Answer 7

Bacillus rod shape
Coccus spheres
Spirillum spiral, wavy

Question 8

What are chains formed by bacteria called?

Answer 8

Strepto-

Question 9

What are the clumps formed by bacteria?

Answer 9

Straphylo-

Question 10

What are the two Gram stain of bacteria?

Answer 10

Crystal violet and safarnin

Question 11

crystal violet

Answer 11

Bacteria there’s only one layer of carbon hydrate and proteins outside of the cell membrane absorb crystal violet appear purple (gram-positive/GP+)

Question 12

Safranin

Answer 12

Bacteria with two layers of lipids and carbon hydrate outside of the cell membrane absorb safranin appear pink gram-negative

Question 13

What makes a bacteria mobile?

Answer 13

Flagella and cilia

However most bacteria are an able to propel themselves

Question 14

What are the forms of colony?

Answer 14

Form of the colony means shape

Circular irregular filamentous rhizoid

Question 15

What are the types of margin of the colony?

Answer 15

Entire undulate filiform curled lobate

Question 16

What are the types of elevation of the colony?

Answer 16

Raised convex flat umbonate crateriform

Question 17

What is the nucleoid

Answer 17

A nucleoid s a dense area in prokaryotes where does chromosome is located it is a singular circle strand of DNA

Question 18

What are plasmids?

Answer 18

Plasmids are accessory rings of DNA

They can be extracted and used as vectors to carry foreign DNA into bacteria during genetic engineering procedure

Question 19

What are the main parts of Bacteria ?

Answer 19

Cell wall 
Cell membrane
Fimbriae
Flagella
Ribosomes
DNA
Cytoplasm

Question 20

Binary fission

Answer 20

Splitting of a parent cell into two daughter cells

Question 21

What are the three ways that genetic information can be recombined?

Answer 21

Conjugation
-when a bacterium passes DNA to a second bacterium through a tube(sex pilus)that temporarily joins two cells. Can only be happening in same or similar species

Transformation
-When bacteria takes up free pieces of DNA that is either secreted by live bacterial or released by dead bacteria

Transduction
-bacterialphage transfer a portions of bacterial DNA from one cell to another

Question 22

Obligate anaerobes

Answer 22

Cannot grow in the presence of oxygen

Question 23

Facultative anaerobes

Answer 23

Are able to grow in either the presence or absence of gaseous oxygen

Question 24

Aerobic organisms

Answer 24

Require a constant supply it for oxygen to carry out cellular respiration

Question 25

What are the two kinds of autotrophic prokaryotes | How do they work

Answer 25

Photo autotroph -use light energy to assemble the organic molecule they require Chemo autotroph -use energy derived from the oxidation of inorganic compounds in the environment

Question 26

What are the types of heterotrophic prokaryotes?

Answer 26

Aerobic saprotrophs- Break down all types of natural organic molecules Detritivores -Detritivores (saprotrophic bacteria) Recycle materials in the ecosystem they dedicated organic matter and make it available to photosynthesizers

Question 27

Pathogens

Answer 27

Microbes that cause diseases

Question 28

What do pathogens produce

Answer 28

Pathogen produce a toxin, and or to surface and sometimes invade Organs or cell.

Question 29

What are toxins

Answer 29

Small organic molecule or small pieces of proteins or parts of the bacteria Cell wall. That are released when bacteria die

Question 30

Does bacteria caused the disease?

Answer 30

Almost all of the time the growth of the bacteria there’s not cause disease but instead of the toxins they release cause the disease

Question 31

How capsules work

Answer 31

Capsules help either evade host immune system and stick to surfaces

Question 32

Name some diseases that are caused by bacteria

Answer 32

``` Tetanus toxic shock syndrome Lyme disease strep throat pneumonia plague ```

Question 33

Who created the first antiseptic

Answer 33

Joseph lister | An acid to spray on tables and instruments before surgery

Question 34

Streptococcus Lactis

Answer 34

Strep throat, related bacteria causes necrotizing fasciitis

Question 35

Staphylococcus aureas

Answer 35

Found on skin | Responsible for minor infections

Question 36

Bacillus subtilis

Answer 36

Common lab bacteria, easy to grow, unharmful

Question 37

Bacillus tetani

Answer 37

Cause tetanus

Question 38

Clostridium botulism

Answer 38

Causes botulism which is food poisoning

Question 39

Yersinia pestis

Answer 39

Plague

Question 40

Bacillus anthracis

Answer 40

Anthrax

Question 41

Mycoplasmas

Answer 41

Cause of pneumonia

Question 42

E. Coli.

Answer 42

Food poisoning