Microbiology and immunology

Question 1

Candida albicans

• Microorganism type
• Reproduction
• Diseases caused

Answer 1

Unicellular yeast
- Reproduces via budding

Most common cause of endogenous
endophthalmitis
- Fluffy white retinal lesions

Question 2

Types of fungi

Answer 2

Yeast

• Reproduces via budding
• I.e. candida albicans

Filamentous

• Grows via branching
• I.e. aspergillus, fusarium

Dimorphic

• filamentous and yeast properties
• i.e. Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 2

Types of fungi

Answer 2

Yeast

• Reproduces via budding
• I.e. candida albicans

Filamentous

• Grows via branching
• I.e. aspergillus, fusarium

Dimorphic

• filamentous and yeast properties
• i.e. Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 3

Histoplasma capsulatum

• Organism type
• Endemic region
• Disease caused

Answer 3

Dimorphic fungus

Endemic to the soil in Mississippi and Ohio river valleys

Causes ocular histoplasmosis
syndrome (POHS)
- Contracted via inhalation

Question 4

Gram positive, aerobic cocci bacteria examples

Answer 4

Staphylococcus aeurus

S. epidermis (coagulase negative)

Question 5

Gram positive, cocci anaerobic example

Answer 5

Streptococcus

- facultative

Question 6

Gram negative cocci examples

Answer 6

Neiserria gonorrhea/ meningitidis

- Diplococci

Question 7

Examples of gram negative, aerobic bacilli

Answer 7

Haemophilus influenzae

Pseudomonas
aeruginosa

Question 8

Example of gram negative anaerobic bacillus

Answer 8

Campylobacter spp

Question 9

Example of 
- gram positive
- aerobic 
- spore forming
bacteria

Answer 9

Bacillus cereus

Question 10

Example of 
- gram positive
- anaerobic 
- spore forming
bacteria

Answer 10

Clostridium

Question 11

Example of 
- gram positive
- anaerobic 
- non-spore forming
bacteria

Answer 11

Propionibacterium acne

Question 12

Example of 
- gram positive
- anaerobic 
- filamentous 
bacteria

Answer 12

Actinomyces israelii

Question 13

Toxoplasma gondii

• Organism type
• Host/ spread of disease
• Diseases caused

Answer 13

Intraceullar, obligate protozoa

Host= cats

Spread via

• fecal-oral route
• inhalation
• ingestion of uncooked meats

Causes congenital and adult toxoplasmosis

Question 14

Example of protozoa that causes severe keratitis

Answer 14

Acanthomoeba

Question 15

Toxocariasis in children

- Causative agent (route of transmission)

Answer 15

Toxocara

• Hemlinth worm infection
• Spread via fecal-contamination
• Found in cats/ dogs

presents with endophthalmitis

Question 16

Most common helminth ocular infective agent

• Transmission route
• endemic region
• Disease caused

Answer 16

Onchocerca volvulus

• Vector via Simulium blackflies
• Endemic to africa
• Causes onchocerciasis (river blindness)

Question 17

Examples of DNA viruses

Answer 17

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

HSV, VZV

EBV

Adenovirus

Molluscum contagiosum

Question 18

Examples of RNA viruses

Answer 18

HIV

MMR

Question 19

Birdshot choroidopathy is associated with which HLA subtype?

Answer 19

HLA-A29 (MHC 1)

Question 20

MS is associated with which HLA subtype?

Answer 20

HLA-DR2

Question 21

Bechet’s disease is associated with which HLA phenotype

Answer 21

HLA-B51

Question 22

Psoriatic arthritis is associated with which HLA phenotype

Answer 22

HLA-B27

Question 23

Posner-Schlossman syndrome is associated with which HLA phenotype

Answer 23

HLA-BW5

Question 24

Function of IL-2

Answer 24

Proliferation of T and B cells

Question 25

Which cytokine regulates growth and activation of eosinophils

Answer 25

IL-5

Question 26

function of IL-6

Answer 26

• Differentiation of B cells
• Production of CRP
• Induction of fever

Question 27

Function of IL-8

Answer 27

Attracts 4 cell types

• T cells
• Neutrophils
• Basophils
• Eosinophils

Question 28

Function of IL-10

Answer 28

Suppresses immune cells