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Biology > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The protein case which encases the genetic material of a virus

A

Capsid

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2
Q

Double stranded genetic material which is contained in some viruses

A

DNA

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3
Q

Single stranded genetic material which is present in some viruses

A

RNA

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4
Q

The pathway where a virus lies dormant for a period of time within a cell before beginning its reproductive cycle

A

Lysogenic pathway

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5
Q

The cycle of viral replication which causes the host cell to burst open

A

Lysis

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6
Q

Virus church no longer contains its genetic material

A

Ghost

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7
Q

A virus which attacks bacteria

A

Bacteriophage

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8
Q

A host cell that has viral genetic material incorporated into its DNA

A

Prophage

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9
Q

An injection given to produce immunity to a viral disease

A

Vaccine

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10
Q

What cells allow the body to react faster to an infection if the body is exposed to the pathogen more than once

A

Antibodies

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11
Q

A disease causing organism

A

Pathogen

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12
Q

Viruses are considered non living because they cannot___without the help of a host cell

A

Reproduce

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13
Q

A virus with RNA as its genetic material

A

Retroviruses

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14
Q

Compared to bacteria viruses are much__in size

A

Smaller

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15
Q

Type of cell which lacks a nucleus and other organelles

A

Prokaryotic cell

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16
Q

The smallest and most common microorganisms

A

Bacteria

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17
Q

Of the two bacterial kingdoms, this kingdom is more closely related to eukaryotes

A

Eubacteria

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18
Q

These are the most ancient organisms and live in harsh environments

A

Archaebacteria

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19
Q

Bacteria cells walls which contain peptidoglycan (gram positive) stain this colour

A

Purple

20
Q

Gram negative cells stain this colour

A

Pink

21
Q

Part of the cell responsible for controlling what enters and exits the bacterium

A

Cell membrane

22
Q

Peptidoglycan is found in this structure in eubacteria

A

Cell wall

23
Q

Some bacteria are propelled by this structure

A

Flagella

24
Q

A random change in the DNA of bacteria

A

Mutation

25
Q

Bacteria can survive with or without oxygen

A

Facultative anaerobes

26
Q

Bacteria that require a constant supply of oxygen in order to live

A

Obligate aerobes

27
Q

Bacteria that live in the absence of oxygen

A

Obligate anaerobes

28
Q

Bacteria play a major role in the “fixation” of this gas into a form which is usable by plants

A

Nitrogen

29
Q

Spherical shaped bacteria are called

A

Cocci

30
Q

Rod shaped bacteria are called

A

Bacilli

31
Q

Spiral shaped bacteria are called

A

Spirilla

32
Q

Bacteria that use organic chemicals for their energy source and organic compounds for their carbon source

A

Chemoheterotroph

33
Q

Bacteria that use light for their energy source and use CO2 for their carbon source are called

A

Photoautotroph

34
Q

What compounds are used be chemoautotrophs for a source of energy

A

Organic

35
Q

The process of producing energy without the use of oxygen-it is how alcohol is produced for various drinks

A

Fermentation

36
Q

Enables bacteria to exchange genetic information through the production of a cytoplasmic bridge

A

Conjugation

37
Q

This small circular piece of DNA is transferred during conjugation

A

Plasmid

38
Q

Asexual reproduction of bacteria where the daughter cells produced are not equal in size

A

Budding

39
Q

Formed to allow a bacteria to survive in harsh conditions, they can grow and reproduce when conditions before more favourable

A

Endospore formation

40
Q

Used to treat bacterial infections

A

Antibiotic

41
Q

This simple preventative action is one of the best ways to prevent diseases

A

Hand washing

42
Q

A chemical that kills microorganisms on the skin or living tissue

A

Antiseptic

43
Q

A Chemical used to kill bacteria on non living surfaces

A

Disinfectant

44
Q

Results in bacterial strains where antibodies are used too frequently and no longer effective

A

Antibiotic resistance

45
Q

Compared to viruses bacteria are much __ in size

A

Bigger

Biology (4 decks)

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