Microbiology Flashcards
When do you give prophylaxis to AIDS/HIV patients against Mycobacterium Avium?
What antimicrobial do you give?
When CD4+ count < 50
Azithromycin
How does N. Meningiditis spread?
Via respiratory or oral secretions
What does N. Gonorrhoea cause?
1) Gonorrhoea (cervicitis, urethritis, PID –> Fitz-hugh-curtis syndrome)
2) Septic arthritis
3) Neonatal conjunctivitis (within first 2-5 days)
4) Disseminated gonococcal
What is the classical triad of disseminated gonococcal?
1) Polyarthralgia
2) Tenosynovitis
3) Dermatitis (painless pustules on extremities)
What does N. Meningiditis cause?
Meningitis
Meningococcaemia
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (adrenal insufficiency, shock, DIC)
Antibiotics for gonorrhoea urethritis
Ceftriaxone + azithromycin (single dose)
*Azithromycin provides coverage for concurrent chlamydial infection. Even if test for chlamydia is negative, combination treatment is more effective due to increasing antibiotics resistance. Combination treatment is also more effective for concurrent pharyngeal infection.
Antibiotics for meningitis
Ceftriaxone or Penicillin G
Prophylaxis for meningitis
Ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin or rifampin
When do you vaccinate babies against H. Influenzae type B?
Between 2 and 18 months old
How is H. Influenzae transmitted?
Via aerosol
Antibiotics for H. Influenzae?
Augmentin for mucosal infection
Ceftriaxone for meningitis
Rifampin for prophylaxis
How is Pertussis transmitted?
Via aerosol
How is Legionella transmitted?
Via aerosol from environmental water sources (e.g. air conditioning systems, hot water tank, etc)
How is Legionella detected in the lab?
Gram stains poorly -> use silver stain
Grows on charcoal yeast extract medium with iron and cysteine
Antigen can be detected in urine.
What does Legionella cause?
Pontiac fever (mild flu-like illness)
Legionnaires (severe pneumonia, GI and CS symptoms) in chronic smoker and lung disease
Antibiotic treatment for Legionella?
Macrolide or quinolones
Antibiotics effective for Pseudomonas
Carbapenems
Aminoglycosides
Monobactam
Polymyxin (e.g. Colistin)
Fluoroquinolones
thIRd/fourth-gen cephalosporins (e.g. Ceftazidime)
Extended-spectrum penicillin (e.g. Piptazo)
What kind of people are more susceptible to cholera infection?
People with reduced gastric acidity (e.g. use of PPI, neonates)
Triple therapy for H. Pylori?
Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin + PPI (x 14 days)
Replace Amoxicillin with metronidazole if allergic.
Treatment for Lyme Disease?
Doxycycline (1st line)
Cefuroxime or amoxicillin in pregnant woman or children.
Treatment for Chlamydia?
Azithromycin (preferred as one time dose only)
Doxycycline (2nd line)
+/- ceftriaxone (for concomitant gonorrhoea infection)
Symptoms of lymphogranuloma venerum?
Small, painless ulcers on genitals
Swollen, painful inguinal lymph nodes that ulcerates (buboes)
Difference between gonorrhoea vs chlamydia neonatal conjunctivitis
Gonorrhoea: 2-5 days after birth. Pus +++
Chlamydia: 1-2 weeks after birth. Not so much pus
Treatment for mycoplasma pneumoniae?
Macrolide or fluoroquinolone or doxycycline
