Microbiology

Question 1

What immune component deals with bacteria?

Answer 1

Phagocytes
Antibodies and B lymphocytes
Complement

Question 2

What immune component deals with viruses

Answer 2

T lymphocytes

Antibody and B lymphocytes

Question 3

What immune component deals with fungi

Answer 3

Phagocytes
T lymphocytes
Eosinophils

Question 4

What immune component deals with protozoa

Answer 4

T lymphocytes

Eosinophils

Question 5

What immune component deals with worms

Answer 5

Eosinophils

Mast cells

Question 6

What is the SIRS criteria for sepsis

Answer 6

2 or more of the following with clinical sign of infection

Temp >38 or <36
HR >90
RR >20
WBC >12000 or <4000

Question 7

What is septic shock

Answer 7

Sepsis plus sign of at leaset one acute organ dysfunction e.g lactate high, low urine output, acute lung injury, CK high, bilirubin high, platelets high, DIC.

With hypotension not responding to fluid challenge

Question 8

Give some example of coliforms

Answer 8

E coli
Klebsiella
Proteus
Enterobacter
Serratia

Question 9

Give an example of a strict aerobe

Answer 9

Psudomonas

Question 10

Give an example of a strict anaerobe

Answer 10

Clostridium sp.

Question 11

What are some of the normal flora of the mouth

Answer 11

Candida
Neisseria
Viridans strep

Question 12

What are some of the normal flora of the bowel

Answer 12

Jejunum; coliforms and anaerobes

Colon; coliforms, anaerobes, enterococcus faecalis

Question 13

What is the antibiotic regime for intra-abdo infection

Answer 13

Empiric; amoxicillin (streptococci, enterococci), gentamicin (aerobic coliforms), metronidazole (anaerobes)

Question 14

What is involved in the sepsis 6 bundle

Answer 14

Give 3 take 3 (BUFALO)

Blood, urine output, fluids, antibioitcs, lactate, oxygen
To be delivered in 1 hour

Question 15

Who is most at risk of developing a listeria meningitis?

Answer 15

Neonates, immunocompromised, >65yrs, alcoholics

Question 16

Who is most likely to be affected by haemophilus influenzae causing meningitis

Answer 16

Children

Question 17

Who is most likely to be affected by neisseria meningitidis causing meningitis?

Answer 17

10-21yrs, immunocompromised, basilar skull fractures

Question 18

Who is most likely to be affected by staph aureus causing meningitis?

Answer 18

Neurosugery/head trauma

Question 19

Who is most likely to be affected by strep pneumo causing meningitis?

Answer 19

Fracture cribiform plate, immunocompromised

Question 20

What is the initial treatment for meningitis

Answer 20

Ceftriaxone 2g BD IV and dexamethasone 10mg QDS IV

Question 21

Man meningitis with penicillin allergy what do you give as initial treatment

Answer 21

Chloramphenicol IV 25mg/kg 6hrly with vancomycin 500mg IV 6hrly

Question 22

If suspect listeria as cause for meningitis what would you prescribe in addition to the ceftriaxone and dexamethasone?

Answer 22

Amoxicillin IV 2g 4hrly

Question 23

What do you prescribe for contact prophylaxis for meningitis?

Answer 23

Rifampicin

Ciprofloxacin 500mg single dose oral

Question 24

Treatment gonorrhoea

Answer 24

Ceftriaxone 1g intramuscular

Question 25

How far back for contact tracing gonorrhoea

Answer 25

Last 2 weeks of symptoms if urethral

All other infections then 3motnhs

Question 26

Treatment candida albicans

Answer 26

Clotrimazole or oral fluconazole

Question 27

Treatment chlamydia

Answer 27

Doxycyline 100mg BD for 7 days

Question 28

How far back do you go back for partner notification

Answer 28

Male urethral infection then last 4wks

Anything else then 6months