Microbiology Flashcards
What immune component deals with bacteria?
Phagocytes
Antibodies and B lymphocytes
Complement
What immune component deals with viruses
T lymphocytes
Antibody and B lymphocytes
What immune component deals with fungi
Phagocytes
T lymphocytes
Eosinophils
What immune component deals with protozoa
T lymphocytes
Eosinophils
What immune component deals with worms
Eosinophils
Mast cells
What is the SIRS criteria for sepsis
2 or more of the following with clinical sign of infection
Temp >38 or <36
HR >90
RR >20
WBC >12000 or <4000
What is septic shock
Sepsis plus sign of at leaset one acute organ dysfunction e.g lactate high, low urine output, acute lung injury, CK high, bilirubin high, platelets high, DIC.
With hypotension not responding to fluid challenge
Give some example of coliforms
E coli Klebsiella Proteus Enterobacter Serratia
Give an example of a strict aerobe
Psudomonas
Give an example of a strict anaerobe
Clostridium sp.
What are some of the normal flora of the mouth
Candida
Neisseria
Viridans strep
What are some of the normal flora of the bowel
Jejunum; coliforms and anaerobes
Colon; coliforms, anaerobes, enterococcus faecalis
What is the antibiotic regime for intra-abdo infection
Empiric; amoxicillin (streptococci, enterococci), gentamicin (aerobic coliforms), metronidazole (anaerobes)
What is involved in the sepsis 6 bundle
Give 3 take 3 (BUFALO)
Blood, urine output, fluids, antibioitcs, lactate, oxygen
To be delivered in 1 hour
Who is most at risk of developing a listeria meningitis?
Neonates, immunocompromised, >65yrs, alcoholics
Who is most likely to be affected by haemophilus influenzae causing meningitis
Children
Who is most likely to be affected by neisseria meningitidis causing meningitis?
10-21yrs, immunocompromised, basilar skull fractures
Who is most likely to be affected by staph aureus causing meningitis?
Neurosugery/head trauma
Who is most likely to be affected by strep pneumo causing meningitis?
Fracture cribiform plate, immunocompromised
What is the initial treatment for meningitis
Ceftriaxone 2g BD IV and dexamethasone 10mg QDS IV
Man meningitis with penicillin allergy what do you give as initial treatment
Chloramphenicol IV 25mg/kg 6hrly with vancomycin 500mg IV 6hrly
If suspect listeria as cause for meningitis what would you prescribe in addition to the ceftriaxone and dexamethasone?
Amoxicillin IV 2g 4hrly
What do you prescribe for contact prophylaxis for meningitis?
Rifampicin
Ciprofloxacin 500mg single dose oral
Treatment gonorrhoea
Ceftriaxone 1g intramuscular
