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Microbiology Chapter 3 > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

Chapter 3

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ribosomes

A

Makes proteins

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2
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Aids in cellular organization

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3
Q

Cell wall

A

Supports cell shape

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4
Q

Pili

A

Exchange genetic information

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5
Q

Flagella

A

Motility

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6
Q

Fimbriae

A

Adhesion

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7
Q

Capsule

A

Protection

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8
Q

Inclusion bodies

A

Nutrient storage

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9
Q

Gram positive

A 
Thick peptidoglycan layer
Lack porins
Resist drying
No outer membrane
Lack lipid A
Teichoic acids
Stain purple
High penicillin susceptibility
More susceptible to anionic detergent
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10
Q

Gram negative

A 
Thin peptidoglycan layer
Have porins
Have outer membrane
Stains pink
Have lipid A
Lack teichoic acids
More susceptible to drying
Low penicillin susceptibility
Less susceptible to anionic detergent
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11
Q

Certain bacteria can form endospores in order to________

A

Survive harsh conditions

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12
Q

Prokaryotic flagella are made of a protein called_____

A

Flagellin

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13
Q

Most prokaryotes are small because

A

A high surface area to volume ratio promotes efficient diffusion

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14
Q

Morphology

A

Shape and arrangement

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15
Q

Pleomorphic

A

Can change forms to aid survival and establishing infections

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16
Q

Shapes of prokaryotes

A

Cocci (sphere)
Bacilli (rods)
Spirals ( comma shape)
Vibrio (comma shape)

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17
Q

Rods in clusters are said to be in

A

Palisades

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18
Q

Arrangements include cells growing in chains are called

A

Strep arrangement

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19
Q

Clusters of cells are called

A

Staph

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20
Q

Osmosis

A

is the movement of water across a selectively membrane from areas of higher solute concentration to areas of lower solute concentration

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21
Q

Protein cell basics include

A 
Nucleoid
Ribosomes
Inclusion bodies
Capsule or slime layer
Cell wall
Plasma membrane
Pilus
Cytoskeleton
Flagellin
Fimbriae
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22
Q

Nucleoid

A

Region where chromosome is found

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23
Q

Ribosomes

A

Make proteins

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24
Q

Inclusion body

A

Storage

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25
Q

Capsule or slime layer

A

Adhesion and protection

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26
Q

Cell wall

A

Protection and interface with environment

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27
Q

Plasma membrane

A

A lipid layer in all cells; main point of interaction with extracellular environment

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28
Q

Pilus

A

Adhesion, Gene transfer, motility

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29
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Provide an overall general organization to the cytoplasm

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30
Q

Flagellum

A

Motility

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31
Q

Fimbriae

A

Adhesion

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32
Q

Coccus shape

A

Single
Diplo
Strep (chain)
Staph (clusters)

33
Q

Bacillus shaped

A

Single
Diplo
Strep (chain)
Palisades

34
Q

Steps to binary fission

A
  1. DNA replication
  2. Cell elongation
  3. Septum formation
  4. Partitioning
  5. Daughter cell separation
35
Q

______ is An asexual form of reproduction used by most prokaryotic cells

A

Binary fission

36
Q

Gram positive contains

A 
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Pirin
Outer membrane
Periplasmic space
Peptidoglycan
Plasma membrane
Stains pink
37
Q

Grab negative contains

A

Teichoic acid
Peptidoglycan
Plasma membrane
Stains purple

38
Q

Peptidoglycan is the building block of

A

Cell wall

39
Q

Acid fast staining contains

A

Mycolic acid

Mycobacterium

40
Q

Some bacteria, including the genera Bacillus and clostridium, which make _____ to survive harsh conditions

A

Endospores

41
Q

Which transport requires no energy?

A

Passive Transport

42
Q

Passive Transport

A 
Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
High solute
Transport protein
Plasma membrane
Low solute
43
Q

Active transport

A

Requires energy

44
Q

Active transport contains

A

Primary active transport
Secondary active transport
Phosphotranferase systems

45
Q

Energy and intermediate phosphorylates the transported substance and concentrates it within the cell. This is called:

A

Phosphotranferase systems

46
Q

Primary active transport

A

ATP fuel transport against a concentration gradient.

47
Q

Secondary active transport

A

An ion flowing along its concentration gradient fuels the transport of a substance against its gradient.

48
Q

_________ is important for transmission to a new human host.

A

Pleomorphic

49
Q

_______ species are some of the smallest prokaryotes

A

Mycoplasma

50
Q

Most of prokaryotic cells nutrients are obtained through______

A

Diffusion

51
Q

Monomorphic

A

Bacteria that have one shape

52
Q

_____ lack cell walls and take on diverse and flexible shapes

A

Mycoplasma

53
Q

Membrane proteins serve as

A

Transporters
anchors
receptors
enzymes

54
Q

when bacteria have a cell wall and then lost….it is called

A

L forms

55
Q

What is the site of a metabolic reactions that prokaryotes rely on to make ATP?

A

Plasma membrane

56
Q

Chemotaxis

A

Movement in response to a chemical stimulus

57
Q

Phototaxis

A

Movement in response to light

58
Q

Aerotaxis

A

Movement in response to oxygen levels

59
Q

What is located in the space between the plasma membrane and a cell wall?

A

Periplasmic flagella

60
Q

Fimbriae is common in ____

A

Gram negative

61
Q

____ purpose is to stick. Can make cell look kind of Hairy and can share information

A

Fimbriae

62
Q

Monotrichous

A

Cells with a single flagellum

63
Q

Lophotrichous

A

Cells with a tuft or cluster of flagella at one pole of the cell

64
Q

Amphitrichous

A

One or more flagella are present at both poles of the cell

65
Q

Peritrichous

A

Flagella are distributed all over the cell surface

66
Q

_______ allow spirochetes to move with their distinctive corkscrew motion

A

Periplasmic flagella

67
Q

Prokaryotic cells rely on their plasma membrane and cell wall as ____

A

Barriers

68
Q

All cells of prokaryotic and eukaryotic are surrounded by an outer boundary called

A

Plasma membrane

69
Q

All structures outside of the plasma membrane are considered _____

A

Extracellular structures

70
Q

Structures in the boundary of the plasma membrane are ____

A

Intracellular structures

71
Q

Septum formation begins to form at

A

Midpoint

72
Q

Spirochete

A

Moves in a corkscrew rotary motion

73
Q

Filamentous

A

Hairlike strand

74
Q

Extracellular structures

A

Plasma membrane serves as a selective barrier and a key platform for interacting with the environment

75
Q

Most prokaryotes reproduce

A

Asexually by binary fission. Which generates two genetically identical cells from a parent cell

76
Q

Prokaryotes can be described by

A

Morphology

77
Q

Bacterial cell walls tend to contain

A

Peptidoglycan

78
Q

Prokaryotic cells synthesize proteins with the help of

A

Ribosomes

79
Q

Archaea cell wall tend to contain

A

Pseudopeptidoglycab

Microbiology Chapter 3 (1 decks)

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