Microbiology Flashcards
Chapter 3
1
Q
Ribosomes
A
Makes proteins
2
Q
Cytoskeleton
A
Aids in cellular organization
3
Q
Cell wall
A
Supports cell shape
4
Q
Pili
A
Exchange genetic information
5
Q
Flagella
A
Motility
6
Q
Fimbriae
A
Adhesion
7
Q
Capsule
A
Protection
8
Q
Inclusion bodies
A
Nutrient storage
9
Q
Gram positive
A
Thick peptidoglycan layer Lack porins Resist drying No outer membrane Lack lipid A Teichoic acids Stain purple High penicillin susceptibility More susceptible to anionic detergent
10
Q
Gram negative
A
Thin peptidoglycan layer Have porins Have outer membrane Stains pink Have lipid A Lack teichoic acids More susceptible to drying Low penicillin susceptibility Less susceptible to anionic detergent
11
Q
Certain bacteria can form endospores in order to________
A
Survive harsh conditions
12
Q
Prokaryotic flagella are made of a protein called_____
A
Flagellin
13
Q
Most prokaryotes are small because
A
A high surface area to volume ratio promotes efficient diffusion
14
Q
Morphology
A
Shape and arrangement
15
Q
Pleomorphic
A
Can change forms to aid survival and establishing infections
16
Q
Shapes of prokaryotes
A
Cocci (sphere)
Bacilli (rods)
Spirals ( comma shape)
Vibrio (comma shape)
17
Q
Rods in clusters are said to be in
A
Palisades
18
Q
Arrangements include cells growing in chains are called
A
Strep arrangement
19
Q
Clusters of cells are called
A
Staph
20
Q
Osmosis
A
is the movement of water across a selectively membrane from areas of higher solute concentration to areas of lower solute concentration
21
Q
Protein cell basics include
A
Nucleoid Ribosomes Inclusion bodies Capsule or slime layer Cell wall Plasma membrane Pilus Cytoskeleton Flagellin Fimbriae
22
Q
Nucleoid
A
Region where chromosome is found
23
Q
Ribosomes
A
Make proteins
24
Q
Inclusion body
A
Storage
25
Capsule or slime layer
Adhesion and protection
26
Cell wall
Protection and interface with environment
27
Plasma membrane
A lipid layer in all cells; main point of interaction with extracellular environment
28
Pilus
Adhesion, Gene transfer, motility
29
Cytoskeleton
Provide an overall general organization to the cytoplasm
30
Flagellum
Motility
31
Fimbriae
Adhesion
32
Coccus shape
Single
Diplo
Strep (chain)
Staph (clusters)
33
Bacillus shaped
Single
Diplo
Strep (chain)
Palisades
34
Steps to binary fission
1. DNA replication
2. Cell elongation
3. Septum formation
4. Partitioning
5. Daughter cell separation
35
______ is An asexual form of reproduction used by most prokaryotic cells
Binary fission
36
Gram positive contains
```
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Pirin
Outer membrane
Periplasmic space
Peptidoglycan
Plasma membrane
Stains pink
```
37
Grab negative contains
Teichoic acid
Peptidoglycan
Plasma membrane
Stains purple
38
Peptidoglycan is the building block of
Cell wall
39
Acid fast staining contains
Mycolic acid
| Mycobacterium
40
Some bacteria, including the genera Bacillus and clostridium, which make _____ to survive harsh conditions
Endospores
41
Which transport requires no energy?
Passive Transport
42
Passive Transport
```
Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
High solute
Transport protein
Plasma membrane
Low solute
```
43
Active transport
Requires energy
44
Active transport contains
Primary active transport
Secondary active transport
Phosphotranferase systems
45
Energy and intermediate phosphorylates the transported substance and concentrates it within the cell. This is called:
Phosphotranferase systems
46
Primary active transport
ATP fuel transport against a concentration gradient.
47
Secondary active transport
An ion flowing along its concentration gradient fuels the transport of a substance against its gradient.
48
_________ is important for transmission to a new human host.
Pleomorphic
49
_______ species are some of the smallest prokaryotes
Mycoplasma
50
Most of prokaryotic cells nutrients are obtained through______
Diffusion
51
Monomorphic
Bacteria that have one shape
52
_____ lack cell walls and take on diverse and flexible shapes
Mycoplasma
53
Membrane proteins serve as
Transporters
anchors
receptors
enzymes
54
when bacteria have a cell wall and then lost....it is called
L forms
55
What is the site of a metabolic reactions that prokaryotes rely on to make ATP?
Plasma membrane
56
Chemotaxis
Movement in response to a chemical stimulus
57
Phototaxis
Movement in response to light
58
Aerotaxis
Movement in response to oxygen levels
59
What is located in the space between the plasma membrane and a cell wall?
Periplasmic flagella
60
Fimbriae is common in ____
Gram negative
61
____ purpose is to stick. Can make cell look kind of Hairy and can share information
Fimbriae
62
Monotrichous
Cells with a single flagellum
63
Lophotrichous
Cells with a tuft or cluster of flagella at one pole of the cell
64
Amphitrichous
One or more flagella are present at both poles of the cell
65
Peritrichous
Flagella are distributed all over the cell surface
66
_______ allow spirochetes to move with their distinctive corkscrew motion
Periplasmic flagella
67
Prokaryotic cells rely on their plasma membrane and cell wall as ____
Barriers
68
All cells of prokaryotic and eukaryotic are surrounded by an outer boundary called
Plasma membrane
69
All structures outside of the plasma membrane are considered _____
Extracellular structures
70
Structures in the boundary of the plasma membrane are ____
Intracellular structures
71
Septum formation begins to form at
Midpoint
72
Spirochete
Moves in a corkscrew rotary motion
73
Filamentous
Hairlike strand
74
Extracellular structures
Plasma membrane serves as a selective barrier and a key platform for interacting with the environment
75
Most prokaryotes reproduce
Asexually by binary fission. Which generates two genetically identical cells from a parent cell
76
Prokaryotes can be described by
Morphology
77
Bacterial cell walls tend to contain
Peptidoglycan
78
Prokaryotic cells synthesize proteins with the help of
Ribosomes
79
Archaea cell wall tend to contain
Pseudopeptidoglycab
