microbiology

Question 1

classify virus based on

Answer 1

1. nucleic acid
2. replication strategies( Baltimore system)
3. capsid shape
4. size
5. enveloped or naked

Question 2

types of capsid symmetry

Answer 2

1. icossahedral ( naked or enveloped)

2. helical ( all enveloped)

Question 3

types of virus

Answer 3

DNA, RNA

Question 4

eg of viral disease

Answer 4

chickenpox, CMV, Dengue hepatitis, herpes, HIV, influenza, meningitis, mumps, polio, rubella, shines, warts, yellow fever

Question 5

viral attachment eg?

Answer 5

influenza: silica acid receptor
rabies: ach receptor
HIV: CD4

Question 6

viral tropism types

Answer 6

1. cellular tropism ( HIVvs rabies)
2. tissue tropism ( influenza)
3. host tropism ( myxoma)

Question 7

classify bacteria based on

Answer 7

1. macroscopic( nutrient or selective medium)
2. microscopic ( size, shape, gram stain, endospores, configuration)
3. metabolism ( aerobic, nutritional, enzyme)
4. antigenicity ( serotyping)
5. Genotyping: PCR, plasmid, ribotyping

Question 8

2 sporing gram +ve bacilo?

Answer 8

aerobic bacillus, aerobic clostridium

Question 9

classify fungi based on

Answer 9

growth form: filamentous VS yeast

Type of infection: superficial mycoses vs deep mycoses

Question 10

types of fungal disease

Answer 10

superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous, systemic, opportunistic

Question 11

2 broad strategies in dx microbial infection

Answer 11

1. direction detection of pathogen( microcopy or culture) or part of it( antigen, nucleic acid)
2. detection of a pathogen specific immune response ( serology)

Question 12

different microscopy for bugs

Answer 12

1. bright field
2. dark field( thin organism, spirochetes)
3. fluorescent (virally infected cells)
4. electron ( molecular techniques)

Question 13

2 common stains

Answer 13

1. gram stain

2. acid fast stain( red if mycobacteria)

Question 14

types of culture media

Answer 14

nutrient, selective, special purpose

Question 15

blood agar for

Answer 15

haemolysis

Question 16

chocolate agar for

Answer 16

fastidious bugs( access GF in red cell: Haemophilia influenza)

Question 17

macconkey agar for

Answer 17

gram -ve rods: Lactose fermenter from GIT, GUT

Question 18

sabouraud agar for

Answer 18

yeast and fungi: candida

Question 19

Lowenstein-Jensen medium for

Answer 19

TB

Question 20

Charcoal agar for

Answer 20

pertussis

Question 21

growth conditions in cultures

Answer 21

1. aerobic
2. temperature
3. length of growth

Question 22

types of viral culture

Answer 22

1. culture cell line

2. in vivo

Question 23

detection of virus

Answer 23

1. NAAT( PCR, RT-PCR, ligase chain reaction , quantify viral load)
2. antigen( latex agglutination, immunochromatography, enzyme immunoassays, radioimmunoassay, imumofluorescence

Question 24

types of immunofluorescence

Answer 24

1. direct( antigen of virus)

2. indirect( viral specific antibody)

Question 25

acute phase

Answer 25

5-7d

NA, ag, lgM useful

Question 26

convalescence phase

Answer 26

3-4wk

LgG(4X), LgM useful

Question 27

when to use serology

Answer 27

cant be grown in lab, when culture is hazardous

Question 28

what test is very specific in viral testing

Answer 28

westing blotting