Microbiology Flashcards
Describe haemophilus influenze?
Small gram negative bacillus
How do you identify haemophilus influenze?
X and V test (it requires both to grow)
How do you diagnose acute epiglottitis?
Blood culture
How do you treat acute epiglottitis?
ITU and ceftriaxone
Nmae 3 common bacterial organisms that are associated with acute exacerbations of COPD?
Haemophilus influenzae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Name 3 causal bacteria for chronic respiratory infection in CF?
Staphylococcus aureus and haemophilus influenzae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Burkholderia cepacia
The bacterial organism that causes pertussis?
Bordetella pertussis
Give 4 clinical features of pertussis?
- Acute tracheobronchitis
- Cold like symptoms for two weeks
- Paroxysmal coughing (2 weeks) - repeated violent exhalations with sever inspiratory whoop, vomiting is common
- Residual cough for month or more
3 ways to diagnose pertussis?
- Pernasal awab (charcoal blood agar/Bordet-Gengou medium)
- PCR
- serology
Where is legionnaires disease an infection of?
The lungs
The 5 causative organisms of CAP, in order of prevelance
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (70%)
- Atypical/viruses (20%)
- Haemophilus influenzae (5%)
- Staphylococcus aureus (4%)
- Other bacteria (1%)
How would you describe Streptococcus pneumoniae?
Gram positive cocci in paris/short chains
What is the culture for streptococcus pneumoniae?
Alpha haemolytic colonies
What is another term for nosocomial pneumonia?
Hospital aquired pneumonoa
What do 60% of gram negative organisms cause?
HAP
Can anaerobes be involved in aspiration pneumonia?
Yes
What organism causes Legionnaires disease?
Legionella pneumophila
What is the name for a flu like illness which may progress to a severe pneumonia, with mental confusion, acute renal failure and GI symptoms?
Legionnaries disease
Which bacterial organism is associated with travel, usually water?
Legionella pneumophila
How do you diagnose Legionnaires disease?
Legionella urinary antigen/serology
Treatment for legionnaires disease?
Erythromycin/clarythromycin
Fluoroquinolones
What is a cause of pneumonia in patients with AIDS?
Pneumocystis jiroveci (pneumocystis carinii pneumonia)
How do you diagnose pneumocystis jiroveci?
Bronchioalvelar lavage (BAL) or induced sputuma and identification of cysts
What is the treatment for pneumocystis jiroveci?
Cotrimoxazole, pentamidine
What organism can cause a fungal chest infection?
Aspergillus fumigatus
What organism causes severe pneumonia/systemic infection in the severly immunocompromised, or aspergilloma?
Aspergillus fumigatus
How do you daignose aspergillus fumigatus?
Culture
What is the treatment for aspergillus fimugatus?
IV amphotereicin B
How long does it take for mycobacterium tuberculosis to grow on a special medium (Lowenstein-Jensen media)?
Up to 3 months incubation
What is the coat of mycobacteria bacilli like?
Thick and waxy
Do mycobacteria bacilli retain dyes even after exposure to acid and alcohol?
Yes
What do mycobacteria bacilli appear as on a Ziehl-Neelsen stain?
Red rods
How do you detect bacterial antigen in PCP?
Direct immunofluoresence
What organism is associated with acute epiglottitis?
Haemophilius influenzae
