Microbiology Flashcards
Organism that ferment lactose on Maconkey Agar appear what color
Pink
Organism that ferment lactose appear what color on EMB
Black
Enrichment Medium ?
A medium that contains special growth factors like H Flu and Clostridium
Common presentation of CMV in HIV patients is what two things
Retinitis and linear esophageal ulcers
Pneumonitis is seen in individuals after an organ transplantation in the case of what virus
CMV
Disseminated CMV can cause diarrhea in what situation
When co infected with hepatitis
Why does infection with N. Gonorrhea not result in long lasting immunity
Because the surface proteins are constantly going under variations and modify the outer membrane proteins.
Neisseria can cause an inability to form membrane attack complexes why?
Because multiple infections with this can cause terminal depletion in complement
Two examples of a differential medium
MaConkey and Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB)
Burn victims get bacterial infections from what bacteria
Pseudommonas
what are the two cephalosporins that treat Pseudomonas
Cefepime (4th) and Ceftazidime (3rd)
ahminoglycosides that treat pseudomonas
tobramycin, gentamicin, amikacin
carbapenems that treat pseudommonas
imipenum and meropenem
what drug is affective against lyme disease
Doxycycline
what is the one fluoroquinolone that is not affective against pseudommonas
moxifloxacin
drug of choice for:
- P. Jirovcii
- Nocardia
- Toxoplasma
TMP-SMX
strongyloidiasis is common in what region
South Asia
treatment for strongyloidiasis
Ivermectin
what is a good way to detect strongyloides
rhabiditifrom larva in the stool
how to diagnose Shistosomiasis
eggs in the stool
what is the name of the parasite that causes itchy anus (pinworms)
Enterobius Vermicularis
how to detect Giardia lamblia
trophozoites and cysts in the stool
three intestinal tapeworms are?
Taenia Solium, T Saginata and Diphyllobothrium
what bacteria is capable of surviving past the boring point of 100 and is found in soil
BAscillus Anthraticus
how do Bacillus Anthrax and Clostriudm survive boiling temperatures?
by forming spores
how to kill spore forming bacteria?
autoclave
N meningitides enters the blood stream and colonizes where before entering the meninges
choroid plexus
what condition causes bilateral adrenal hemorrhage, adrenal insufficiency, brisk hypotension and death? what is the over all cause of this condition
Waterhouse-Friderichsen Sundrome. Meningococcemia
what spreads like this:
pharynx - lymphatics - meninges
H. INfluenza
what spreads like this
- middle ear-contagious tissue- meninges
S. Pneumo
what spreads like this:
traumatic wound-leaking CSF-meninges
A. Areus
what spreads like this:
pull. lung focus-blood-meninges
M. TB and S. Pneumo
M TB commonly affects which meninges
basal meninges
what is characterized by monocytes and lymphocytes in the CSF and lung focus
M. TB
what blocks the CHT transporter that brings Choline into the Neuron
Hemicholinium
What stops Choline from becoming Acetylcholine (ChAT)
Bromoacetylcholine
what prevents acetylcholine from being packaged into vesicles
Vesamicol
what poisons are competitive antagonist to muscarine ACH receptors
Atropine and Scopolamine
what will show many neutrophils but no bacteria and the patient will have hyponatremia and watery diarrhea
Legionella
What is known as a high fever in smokers accompanied by diarrhea, confusion and cough
Legionnaires Disease
what is a common way to diagnose Legionella
Legionella antigen in the urine
what is the respiratory fluoroquinolone and macrolide that treats Legionella
- levofloxacin
- azythromycin
blood concentration of LOS (lipoligosaccharides) is seen in patients who have fever and dizzines, what is the organism
N. Meningitis
LOS (LPS) of N. meningitis acts as a what and is responsible for the toxic effects of this bacteria
Endotoxin
LOS interacts with Toll like receptor 4 and produces what four things that lead to sepsis in N. meningitis patients
- TNF-a
- IL-8
- IL-6
- IL-1B
the petechia seen in meningococcemia is due to what?
LOS
which group of people can likely get a secondary bacterial pneumonia after having influenza A (S. Aureus)
old people
order of the pathogens most responsible for secondary bacterial pneumonia after the flu
S. Pneumo
S. Aureus
H. Influ
anogenital squamous cell carcinomas have been linked to what infection
HPV
what is known to cause encephalitis that will present with ring enhancing lesions in the frontal lobes of the brain, fever, headache
Toxoplasma Ghondii
what is the treatment for T. Ghondii
Pyrimethamine and Sulfadiazine
what you replace Sulfadiazine with in patients with T. Ghondii and a sulfa allergy
Clindamycin
treatment for Cryptococcal Meningitis
Amphotericin B (Flucytosine)
listeria is treated with
Ampicillin
Ganciclovir treats what virus
CMV
what is the second most common cause of ring enhancing lesions in the brain after T. Ghondii in AIDS patietns
Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (large cell Non Hodgkin Lymphoma)
normal CD4 count for adults?
400-1400
what is the most common cause for community acquired pneumonia in an immunocompromised individual
S. Penumo
school aged children with atypical pneumonia is usually due to
Mycoplasma Pneumonia
thin, off white vaginal discharge with a FISHY odor and no inflammation?
Gardnerella Vaginalis
think, yello-green discharge and frothy discharge, malodorous and vaginal inflmmation
Trichomonas Vaginalis
thick COTTAGE CHEESE discharge with vaginal inflammation
Candida
clue cells and a positive whiff test is indicative of what
Gardnerella
treatment for Gardnerella
metronidazole or clindamycin
treatment for Trichomonas?
metronidazole. TREAT PARTNER
treatment for Candida Vaginalis
Fluconazole
Anaerobic gram negative rod that causes bacterial vaginosis?
Gardnerella
