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*Unit 6 ER > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

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1
Q

Lactose fermenters turn _____ on MacConkey agar

A

Pink

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2
Q

What are the only 2 lactose fermenting bacteria?

A
  1. Klebsiella pneumonia

2. E. coli

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3
Q

What are the 3 bacterial that cause HUS?

A
  1. Shigella
  2. E. coli
  3. campylobacter
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4
Q

This is a non-spore forming, gram (+) rod often transmitted by dairy products

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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5
Q

How does shigella invade the body?

A

fecal-oral, invades though M-cells

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6
Q

Aside from chlamydia, what Enterobacteriaceae can cause reactive arthritis?

A
  1. Shigella
  2. Salmonella
  3. Yersinia
  4. Campylobacter
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7
Q

What two Enterobacteriaceae can carry the “shiga toxin”?

A
  1. Shigella

2. E. coli

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8
Q

Shigella, Salmonella and Yersinia carry a type ___ secretion system

A

type III

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9
Q

How does Shigella cross from the invaded M cell to neighboring epithelial cells?

A

uses host M cell’s actin filaments for propulsion

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10
Q

What virulence factor is the trigger for HUS?

A

the SHIGA toxin

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11
Q

Which Enterobacteriaceae can cause neutrophiles in the stool?

A
  1. Shigella
  2. Salmonella
  3. Campylobacter
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12
Q

Use antibiotics for infection with (shigella/E coli)

A

Shigella only, Abx with E. coli can precipitate HUS

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13
Q

Which turns black on Hektoen agar? why? (E. coli/ Salmonella/Shigella/Yersinia)

A

salmonella, is H2S positive

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14
Q

What is the Infectious dose for salmonella? Shigella?

A

Salmonella, 100,000, is acid labile

shigella, 100, is acid stable

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15
Q

Which invade macrophages? (E. coli/ Salmonella/Shigella/Yersinia)

A

salmonella

to some extent shigella

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16
Q

Which is acid-labile? Acid stable? (shigella/salmonella)

A

Shigella is acid stable: survives stomach acid

Salmonella is acid labile: stomach acid kills, need a high infectious dose

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17
Q

What causes typhoid fever?

A

Salmonella typhi

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18
Q

What organ does Salmonella form a chronic carriage?

A

the Gallbladder

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19
Q

Heterozygosity for the _______ allele confers protection against typhoid fever

A

CTFR, cystic fibrosis

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20
Q

Rose spots appear on the stomach with (E. coli/ Salmonella/Shigella/Yersinia)

A

salmonella

rose spotted bib

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21
Q

Salmonella + Sickle cell anemia –> _________

A

Osteomyelitis

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22
Q

Which causes “false appendicitis”? (E. coli/ Salmonella/Shigella/Yersinia)

A

Yersinia enterocolitica, painful swollen lymph node

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23
Q

How can you identify listeria under the microscope?

A

‘Tumbling Motility’ is characteristic

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24
Q

Why might pregnant women be advised to avoid soft cheeses?

A

Risk of Listeria infection

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25
Q

How do you treat a listeria infection?

A

Ampicillin (can add gentamicin for week 1)

26
Q

Which enteric agent makes ‘actin rockets’ to propel through multiple cells?

A

Listeria

Shigella uses IcsA to polymerize actin filaments for propulsion as well

27
Q

What enteric agent can escape the GI and proliferate in the placenta and attack the fetus?

A

Listeria

28
Q

Vaginal transmission of Listeria during birth can cause ________

A

neonatal meningitis

29
Q

Which has LPS? (gram +/ gram -) bacteria

A

Gram (-)

30
Q

Is listeria gram + or - ?

A

Gram +, purple

31
Q

What should you put in the IV of someone with severe cholera infection?

A

Lactated ringer solution

32
Q

Which causes rice water diarrhea? what about the others? (V. cholera/ V. parahaemolyticus/ V. vulnificus)

A

Severe rice water diarrhea: V. cholera
Various diarrhea: V. parahaemolyticus
Rarely known for diarrhea: V. vulnificus

33
Q

which is known for shellfish contaminated wounds? (V. cholera/ V. parahaemolyticus/ V. vulnificus)

A

shellfish wounds: V. vulnificus

34
Q

At what temp does campylobacter grow? what is a chicken’s body temperature?

A

campy grows at 42C, same as a chicken

35
Q

what lab breath test can be done for Helicobacter pylori?

A

urea breath test, H. pylori is urease (+)

36
Q

What bacteria species is ass. with eating undercooked seafood? how do you expect it to gram stain?

A

V. cholera and V. parahaemolyticus are gram - rods

37
Q

what is the leading cause of severe diarrhea in infants and children?

A

rotavirus

38
Q

How long the diarrhea last with rotovirus? norovirus?

A

rotavirus: 5 days

norovirus 2 days

39
Q

What are the 3 presentations of Coxsackie A virus?

A
  1. herpangina
  2. hand and mouth
  3. acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
40
Q

What is the presentation of Coxsackie B virus?

A
  1. Dilated cardiomyopathy

2. pleurodynia

41
Q

What is the cause of “beaver fever”

A

giardia, infects mammals

42
Q

What are the symptoms of giardia infection?

A

flatus, weight loss, diarrhea greasy stool w/ odor, floating stool

43
Q

What is the most likely outcome of a giardia infection? What is the Rx?

A

clearance in 60% of cases

Rx: tinidazole, like metronidazole

44
Q

Contaminate water supply from cow/calf run-off, causes diarhea 10-14 days then resolves, can be sever in AIDS/immunocompromised

A

Crytosporidium parvum

45
Q

How do you prevent Crytosporidium parvum? How do you treat it?

A

Prevent by water filtration

Treat by Nitazoxanide (or spiramycin)

46
Q

Which parasite penetrates the mucosa of the colon and can make hepatic and renal cysts?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

47
Q

What is the treatment for Entamoeba histolytica?

A

Metronidazol (paramycin and iodoquinol to eliminate cysts)

48
Q

From what meat can you get:
taenia solium
taenia saginata
diphyllobothrium latum

A

taenia solium: pork
taenia saginata: beef
diphyllobothrium latum: fish

49
Q

Which can cause brain and muscle lesions:
taenia solium
taenia saginata
diphyllobothrium latum

A

taenia solium: pork

50
Q

Which can cause B12 deficiency and pernicious anemia
taenia solium
taenia saginata
diphyllobothrium latum

A

diphyllobothrium latum: fish

51
Q

What are the S+S of Ascaris lumbricoides?

A

pulmonary symptoms, eosinophilic pneumonia, intestinal obstruction

52
Q

Which can cause perianal pruritus? (Ascaris lumbricoides/ Strongyloides stercoralis/ Enterobius vermicularis)

A

Enterobius vermicularis

53
Q

Which can be Dx with adhesive tape? (Ascaris lumbricoides/ Strongyloides stercoralis/ Enterobius vermicularis)

A

Enterobius vermicularis

54
Q

Which can cause fluctuating eosinophilia with maculopapular rash on the buttock, perineum and thighs
(Ascaris lumbricoides/ Strongyloides stercoralis/ Enterobius vermicularis)

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

55
Q

Which is also called “pin worm”

(Ascaris lumbricoides/ Strongyloides stercoralis/ Enterobius vermicularis)

A

Enterobius vermicularis

56
Q

Nemetodes, Tremetodes and Cestodes are all ________

A

helminths

57
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis, Enterobius vermicularis are all (Cestodes/ Nematodes/ Tremetodes)

A

Nematodes

58
Q

T. solium T. saginata and D. Latum are all (Cestodes/ Nematodes/ Tremetodes)

A

Cestodes

59
Q

What family of virus is hep C? RNA or DNA?

A

flavi virus, RNA genome

60
Q

What is the MC cause of erysipelas?

A

S. pyogenes

*Unit 6 ER (3 decks)

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