Microbiology Flashcards
most common cause of sore throat?
strep pyrogenes (group A strep)
which criteria do we use to distinguish whether to give people with sore throats an antibiotic?
Centor criteria
what are the Centor criteria?
fever
purulent tonsils
cervical lymphadenopathy
absence of cough
what is the microbiology of strep pyrogenes?
gram positive cocci in chains, B haemolytic (complete)
acute complications of strep throat?
Peritonsillar abscess (quinsy)
Sinusitis/ otitis media
Scarlet fever
late complications of strep throat?
rheumatic fever (fever, arthritis and pancarditis) glomerulonepritis (haematuria, albuminuria and oedema)
what is diptheria?
corynebacterium diptheriae
Clinical: Severe sore throat with a grey white membrane across the pharynx. The organism produces a potent exotoxin which is cardiotoxic and neurotoxic.
why is diptheria serious?
pseudomembrane in posterior pharynx can become very large and obstruct airway
what is the diptheria vaccine?
The vaccine is made from a cell-free purified toxin extracted from a strain of C. diphtheriae.
what antibiotics treat diptheria?
Antitoxin and Supportive and Penicillin/erythromycin
what causes oral thrush?
candida albicans
White patches on red, raw mucous membranes in throat/ mouth
how do you treat oral thrush?
oral nystatin
common organisms in OE?
pseudomonas proteus staph aureus fungal: aspergillus, candida eczema
treatments for OE?
neomycin gentamicin polymyxin B framycetin fungal: clotrimazole and nystatin eczemal: steroid without antibiotic
what are the wax solvent ear drops?
sodium bicarbonate
olive oil
almond oil
