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MRCS A: Pathology II > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Gram positive vs Gram negative bacteria staining

A

Gram positive bacteria stain blue/black

Gram negative bacteria stain red/pink

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2
Q

Gram positive bacteria Classification 1

A

Cocci and Bacilli

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3
Q

Gram positive bacteria Classification: Cocci

A

Staphylococcus: Clusters
Streptococcus: Chains

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4
Q

Gram positive bacteria Classification: staphylococcus

A

Coagulase positive and negative
Coagulase positive: S.Aureus
Coagulase negative: S.Epidermidis

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5
Q

Gram positive bacteria Classification: Streptococcus

A

Haemolytic streptococci

HS Alpha: S Pneumonia
HS Beta: S Pyogenes, S.faecalis
HS Gamma: S Bovis

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6
Q

Gram positive bacteria Classification: Bacilli

A

Bacilli-Aerobic and Anaerobic

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7
Q

Gram positive bacteria Classification: bacilli aerobic

A

Corynebacterium diptheriae

Bacillus anthracis
Listeria

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8
Q

Gram positive bacteria Classification: bacilli anaerobic

A

Clostridium

Actinomyces

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9
Q

Gram negative: Cocci and Bacilli

A

Cocci: Neisseria and Moraxela

Bacilli: Anaerobic, Spirochaetes, Enterobactericae, Mycobacteria, Atypical

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10
Q

Gram negative: Cocci

A

Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria gonorrhoea
Moraxella Catarrhalis

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11
Q

Gram negative: Bacillis

A

Anaerobic: Wound infection (Bactéridies, H Pylori

Spirochaetes

  • Treponema (Syphilis)
  • Leptospira (Weil’s)
  • Borrelia (Lyme)

Mycobacteria

Atypical
-MAI

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12
Q

Cocksackie A and B virus symptoms and signs

A

A: Sore throat with blistering hand, foot and mouth disease

B-Pleurisy, myocarditis

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13
Q

Morbillivirus (Measles)

A 
14 day incubation
Cold followed by
-conjunctivitis
-Koplik spots
-lymphoid hyperplasia
-Rash

More severe complications: pneumonitis, encephalitis

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14
Q

Mumps

A

Salivary gland infection +/- meningitis

  • Orchitis
  • Oophoritis
  • Pancreatitis
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15
Q

Rubella

A

Rash
Arthritis
Teratogenic

Gregg syndrome (blind, deaf, heart defect, hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopaenia)

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16
Q

Herpes types

A 
Herpes simplex 1
Herpes simplex 2
VZV
EBV
CMV 
Herpes 8
17
Q

HSV 1

A

Present in nervous tissue causing old sores (activation by sunlight, illness and stress)

Immunocompromised can cause fulminant pneumonitis and encephalitis

18
Q

HSV 2

A

Genital herpes

Sexual transmission

19
Q

VZV (Chicken pox)

A

Vesicular rash
When fulminant:
-pneumonitis
-encephalitis

Resides in nerve root and reactivates as shingles on dermatome

20
Q

EBV

A

Infects B cells, eventually eliminated by T cells

Passes via saliva hence kissing disease

Fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy
Mild hepatitis and thrombocytopaenia

EBV also linked to lymphoma (Burkitts), SCC, throat and salivary gland cancer

21
Q

CMV

A 
Very common
Mono-nucleosis type infection
Latent until immunosuppression occurs:
-Guillain barre precipitator
-Pneumonia
-GI tract perf
-Chorioretinitis
-Encephalitis
22
Q

Herpes 8

A

Kaposi sarcoma

23
Q

HIV CD 4 count 200-350

A

weight loss, fever, diarrhoea

s.pneumoniae, H.Influenzae, m.tuberculosis, candida

24
Q

HIV CD 4 count <200

A 
Opportunistic infections
-PCP
-Toxoplasmosis
-Kaposi
Candidiasis
25
Q

HIV CD 4 count <50

A 
Mycobacteria
Fungi
CMV
AIDs
Lymphoma
26
Q

HIV CD 4 count 200-350

A

weight loss, fever, diarrhoea

s.pneumoniae, H.Influenzae, m.tuberculosis, candida

27
Q

HIV CD 4 count <200

A 
Opportunistic infections
-PCP
-Toxoplasmosis
-Kaposi
Candidiasis
28
Q

HIV CD 4 count <50

A 
Mycobacteria
Fungi
CMV
AIDs
Lymphoma
29
Q

Pyrexia post operation

A

IL-1 and IL-6 mediate hypothalamus temperature reconfiguration in response to bacterial toxin

30
Q

Surgical site infection: Clean wound

A

Skin commensals (S.aureus, S.epidermidis, enterobacteria)

31
Q

Surgical site infection: Nec fasc

A

Group A streptococcus
Mixed flora

Spreads along fascial planes
Fournier’s gnagrene is dermal gangrene of scrotum and penis

32
Q

Surgical site infection: Burns

A

Pseudomonas

33
Q

Community acquired pneumonia

A

Strep pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae

34
Q

Nosocomial

A

Often gram negative

  • Klebsiella
  • E.Coli
  • S.Aureus

MRCS A: Pathology II (15 decks)

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