Microbiology Flashcards
Gram positive vs Gram negative bacteria staining
Gram positive bacteria stain blue/black
Gram negative bacteria stain red/pink
Gram positive bacteria Classification 1
Cocci and Bacilli
Gram positive bacteria Classification: Cocci
Staphylococcus: Clusters
Streptococcus: Chains
Gram positive bacteria Classification: staphylococcus
Coagulase positive and negative
Coagulase positive: S.Aureus
Coagulase negative: S.Epidermidis
Gram positive bacteria Classification: Streptococcus
Haemolytic streptococci
HS Alpha: S Pneumonia
HS Beta: S Pyogenes, S.faecalis
HS Gamma: S Bovis
Gram positive bacteria Classification: Bacilli
Bacilli-Aerobic and Anaerobic
Gram positive bacteria Classification: bacilli aerobic
Corynebacterium diptheriae
Bacillus anthracis
Listeria
Gram positive bacteria Classification: bacilli anaerobic
Clostridium
Actinomyces
Gram negative: Cocci and Bacilli
Cocci: Neisseria and Moraxela
Bacilli: Anaerobic, Spirochaetes, Enterobactericae, Mycobacteria, Atypical
Gram negative: Cocci
Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria gonorrhoea
Moraxella Catarrhalis
Gram negative: Bacillis
Anaerobic: Wound infection (Bactéridies, H Pylori
Spirochaetes
- Treponema (Syphilis)
- Leptospira (Weil’s)
- Borrelia (Lyme)
Mycobacteria
Atypical
-MAI
Cocksackie A and B virus symptoms and signs
A: Sore throat with blistering hand, foot and mouth disease
B-Pleurisy, myocarditis
Morbillivirus (Measles)
14 day incubation Cold followed by -conjunctivitis -Koplik spots -lymphoid hyperplasia -Rash
More severe complications: pneumonitis, encephalitis
Mumps
Salivary gland infection +/- meningitis
- Orchitis
- Oophoritis
- Pancreatitis
Rubella
Rash
Arthritis
Teratogenic
Gregg syndrome (blind, deaf, heart defect, hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopaenia)
Herpes types
Herpes simplex 1 Herpes simplex 2 VZV EBV CMV Herpes 8
HSV 1
Present in nervous tissue causing old sores (activation by sunlight, illness and stress)
Immunocompromised can cause fulminant pneumonitis and encephalitis
HSV 2
Genital herpes
Sexual transmission
VZV (Chicken pox)
Vesicular rash
When fulminant:
-pneumonitis
-encephalitis
Resides in nerve root and reactivates as shingles on dermatome
EBV
Infects B cells, eventually eliminated by T cells
Passes via saliva hence kissing disease
Fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy
Mild hepatitis and thrombocytopaenia
EBV also linked to lymphoma (Burkitts), SCC, throat and salivary gland cancer
CMV
Very common Mono-nucleosis type infection Latent until immunosuppression occurs: -Guillain barre precipitator -Pneumonia -GI tract perf -Chorioretinitis -Encephalitis
Herpes 8
Kaposi sarcoma
HIV CD 4 count 200-350
weight loss, fever, diarrhoea
s.pneumoniae, H.Influenzae, m.tuberculosis, candida
HIV CD 4 count <200
Opportunistic infections -PCP -Toxoplasmosis -Kaposi Candidiasis
HIV CD 4 count <50
Mycobacteria Fungi CMV AIDs Lymphoma
HIV CD 4 count 200-350
weight loss, fever, diarrhoea
s.pneumoniae, H.Influenzae, m.tuberculosis, candida
HIV CD 4 count <200
Opportunistic infections -PCP -Toxoplasmosis -Kaposi Candidiasis
HIV CD 4 count <50
Mycobacteria Fungi CMV AIDs Lymphoma
Pyrexia post operation
IL-1 and IL-6 mediate hypothalamus temperature reconfiguration in response to bacterial toxin
Surgical site infection: Clean wound
Skin commensals (S.aureus, S.epidermidis, enterobacteria)
Surgical site infection: Nec fasc
Group A streptococcus
Mixed flora
Spreads along fascial planes
Fournier’s gnagrene is dermal gangrene of scrotum and penis
Surgical site infection: Burns
Pseudomonas
Community acquired pneumonia
Strep pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Nosocomial
Often gram negative
- Klebsiella
- E.Coli
- S.Aureus
