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FOM1 (2) > microbiology 2 > Flashcards

microbiology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what do gram-ve bacillus tend to cause?

A

diarrhoea

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2
Q

what do gram-ve bacillus contain?

A

flagella, (helps with movement)

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3
Q

explain virulence

A

ability of microbe to kill host

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4
Q

what are commensals?

A

organisms found in normal flora

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5
Q

what are opportunistic pathogens?

A

organism that is not normally pathogenic but can become when circumstances arise (e.g C diff)

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6
Q

what are aerobes?

A

bacteria that grow in oxygen

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7
Q

what are obligate aerobes?

A

bacteria that require oxygen to survive

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8
Q

what are obligate anaerobes?

A

bacteria that are killed by oxygen

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9
Q

what are capnophilics?

A

bacteria that prefer high levels of carbon dioxide

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10
Q

what type of haemolysisis is beta haemolysis? + what colour dopes it appear?

A
  • complete
  • appears clear
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11
Q

what type of haemolysis is alpha haemolysis? + was colour does it appear?

A
  • partial
  • appears green
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12
Q

what type pf haemolysis is gamma haemolysis?

A
  • none
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13
Q

what do penicillins & cephalosporins do?

A
  • target bacteria cell wall
  • beta lactam ring binds to PBP on cell wall bacteria
  • prevents addition of peptidglycan layers = KILLING BACTERIA
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14
Q

what does Quinolones do?

A
  • target prokaryotic nucleic acid
  • inhibit DNA synthesis by preventing DNA “supercoding”
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15
Q

what does Trimethoprim do?

A
  • target prokaryotic nucleic acid
  • inhibits folic acid synthesis (causes tendonitis)
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16
Q

what does Metronidazole do?

A
  • target prokaryotic nucleic acid
  • causes DNA structure to unwind
  • used against ANAEROBES & PROTAZOA
17
Q

what do Tetracyclines do?
(+ an example of one)

A
  • target bacterial protein synthesis
  • bind to 30s submit of ribosomes and stop protein chain elongation
  • DOXYCYCLINE
18
Q

what do Macrolides do?
(+ an example of one)

A
  • binds to 50s subunit of ribosomes, interferes with protein synthesis
  • ERYTHROMYCIN - safe in pregnancy
19
Q

what do Aminoglysocides do?
(+ an example of one)

A
  • binds to aminoacyl site of 16s within 30s subunit to cause misread of genetic code
  • GENTAMICIN
20
Q

examples of gram +ve cocci

A
  • group A strep
  • strep pneumonia
  • non- haemolytic strep
21
Q

examples of gram +ve bacilli

A
  • C. diff
  • spore forming anaerobes (gram +ve)

FOM1 (2) (17 decks)

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