Microbiology

Question 1

What organism is?

Answer 1

Proteus mirabilis

Gram negative pleomorphic bacili
Lactose non feementing
Urease positive
Fishy odor

Question 2

Dysuria
Urgency
Frencuency increases
Suprapubic tenderness

Urine: cloudy, offensive prod and hematuria

Answer 2

Lower UTI: Cystitis

Question 3

What organism?

Answer 3

Escherichia coli

Gram negative bacilli
Facultative anaerobe
Lactose fermenter

Has:
P fimbriae: strong attachment
Type 1: weak attachment

Question 4

What organism has swarming on the growth agar?

Answer 4

Proteus species

Gram negative pleomorphic bacili
Highly motile
Lactose non fermenting
fishy odor
Urease positive

Question 5

What organism?

Answer 5

Enterococcus species

Question 6

What organism?

Answer 6

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Gram positive cocci in clusters
catalase +
Coagulase -
UTI in sexually active young women
Novobiocin resistance

Question 7

What organism?

Answer 7

Candida

Budding yeast cell and pseudohyphae of Candida

Froms germ tube in vitro

Question 8

Gram positive cocci in clusters
catalase +
Coagulase -
UTI in sexually active young women
Novobiocin resistance

Answer 8

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Question 9

Fever high
Chills
rigors
Loin/flank pain
Costo-vertebral angle tenderness
Nausea and vomiting

Urine: hematuria
signs of septicemia: Altered sensorium and DIC

Answer 9

Lower UTI : Pyelonephritis

Question 10

Recurrent Pyelonephritis with proteus mirabilis can lead to?

Answer 10

Renal calculi- Staghorn calculi

composed of Magnesium ammonia phosphate (STRUVITE)

Question 11

Sepsis mediated by

Answer 11

Endotoxin (Lipo-polysaccharide/LPS)

Question 12

Pseudomonas virulence factor that inhibits EF-2?

Answer 12

Exotoxin A

Question 13

Enteroccus species in blood agar is which hemolysis?

Answer 13

Gamma hemolytic

Question 14

Who hydrolyzes Esculin?

Answer 14

Enterococcus

Question 15

Who is resistance to NaCl 6.5%

Answer 15

Enterococcus

Question 16

Who is resistance to Novobiocin

Answer 16

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Question 17

Which is the infective form for schistosome hematobium ?

Answer 17

Cercaria

Question 18

Which is the diagnostic form for schistosome hematobium ?

Answer 18

Oval egg with terminal spine

Question 19

Adenovirus is

Answer 19

dsDNA icosahedral naked virus

Causes hemorrhagic cystitis in children

Question 20

When should urine samples be collected for UTI diagnosis?

Answer 20

Before starting antibiotics.

Question 21

What is the recommended technique for urine sample collection?

Answer 21

Mid-stream clean void technique using a sterile, dry, wide-mouth, leak-proof container.

Question 22

What should be done with urine specimens that have stood at room temperature?

Answer 22

Discard urine specimens that stood >1 hr at room temperature.

Question 23

What tests are performed for UTI diagnosis?

Answer 23

Urine: Macroscopy and Microscopy, Rapid dipstick tests, Semiquantitative culture and Interpretation.

Question 24

What should be done if an isolated uropathogen is found?

Answer 24

Perform antibiotic sensitivity tests.

Question 25

When should blood cultures be drawn?

Answer 25

If you suspect/diagnose pyelonephritis.

Question 26

What does leukocyte esterase indicate in urinalysis?

Answer 26

It indicates the presence of white blood cells (WBC) in urine.

Question 27

What does a positive nitrite test indicate?

Answer 27

It indicates an infection with Gram-negative rods such as E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Serratia, or Pseudomonas.

Question 28

When will the nitrite test be negative?

Answer 28

The nitrite test will be negative if Staphylococcus or Enterococcus is the causal organism.

Question 29

What does alkaline pH in urine indicate?

Answer 29

It indicates the presence of urease-producing Proteus.

Question 30

What is significant bacteriuria?

Answer 30

≥10^5 CFU/ml count of a single type of uropathogen growing on culture of urine is considered as Significant bacteriuria.

Question 31

What does CFU stand for?

Answer 31

CFU = colony forming unit: number of viable bacteria.

Question 32

Which type of hypersensitivity if post infection nephritis?

Answer 32

Type III IgG and C3 sub epithelial humps