Microbiology

Question 1

Define nomenclature

Answer 1

naming of the groups and members of organisms.

Question 2

Genus

Answer 2

= first name

Question 3

Normal Flora (NF)

Answer 3

-> microbes that natural inhabit the surfaces of the human-body
-> organisms occur at the site to external enviroment

Question 3

Importance of Microbiological Discoveries

Answer 3

the study of infectious disease causing microbes

Hand washing increase + increased waste sanitation= decreased disease

increased viralence of an organism= increased severity.

Question 3

The roles of Microorganisms

Answer 3

10% of organisms are oppotunistics
87% of organisms are harmless
3% are considered to be overtly pathogenic

Question 4

Major Contributors to micro biology

Answer 4

Robert Hooke ( 1665)
First person to describe the cell.

Antoni van leeowenhoel (1673)
developed a microscope that is adjustable and a stand
First person to describe the bacteria involving shape

Ignaz Semmelweis (1847)
hand washing to prevent the spread of disease.

Louis Pasteur (1861)
Discover pasteurisation ( aging milk, aging wine)
disapproved theory of spontaenous generation (Abiogenesis).

Joseph Lister ( 1870)
credited with creating anti-septics

Robert Koch (1883)
Koch Postulate-> the germ theory of disease
First to study Anthrax and tuberculosis

Question 5

Germ Theory Disease

Answer 5

1.The specific causative organism is identified in every case of infectious disease

2. The disease organism is isolated in pure culture
3. The inoculation of a sample of disease sample into healthy animal-> mass producrtion of disease in animal
4. The disease from the organism is recovered.

Question 5

3 Domain Classification of life

Answer 5

Bacteria->
Gram positive bacteria
Gram negative bacteria
cyano bacteria- obtains energy through photo synthesis

Archae->

Methogens-> grows in the absence of O2 but produces methane

Halophile -> grows in areas of high salt concentration

Thermophile-> grows in areas of high temperature

Eucarya->
Protozoa
Fungi
Algae

Question 6

Classification of Micro organisms

Answer 6

Archae+ bacteria-> prokaryotes

Algae, protozoa, algae-> eukaryotes

Question 6

Algae

Answer 6

is photosynthetic ( contains chlorophyll like plants)

Produces most of the worlds O2

Acts as a food source for a majority of the marine life

unicellular -> ponds, sea
Multicellualar-> algae, seaweed

Question 7

Protozoa

Answer 7

Are example of eukaryotes
is motile and lives in water “malaria”

Question 8

Fungi (eukaryotes)

Answer 8

Doesnt use photosyntehsis for energy
Contains a cell wall for protection
There are two types-> moulds and yeast

Question 9

Moulds

Answer 9

Multi cellular
Reproduce asexually and sexually

Question 9

Yeasts

Answer 9

unicellular
Repoduces asexually through budding.

Question 10

Bacteria

Answer 10

are prokaryotes- single cells
do not have a nucleus
round/ rod
Cell wall contains polysaccharide + peptidoglycan

Question 11

Viruses

Answer 11

Very small (10-300 nm)
only seen with an electron microscope
FIrst photograph of virus taken in (1939)

Simple ( not cellular)
-Nucleic acid ( RNA or DNA, not both)
-surronded by protein coat ( capsid)
-some have lipid envelope

Lack cellular structure
-No cell membrane
-no metabolism
-Can not reporoduce independently
-can only replicate inside a host cell ( -using host metabolism)