Microbiology

Question 1

The cell walls of fungi are unique due to them containing what?

Answer 1

chitin

Question 2

This group of fungi form mushrooms?

Answer 2

basidiomycota

Question 3

Which group of protists use pseudopods for motility?

Answer 3

ameba

Question 4

Which group of organisms is surrounded by 2 silica shells called frustules?

Answer 4

diatoms

Question 5

African sleeping sickness is caused by what group of organism?

Answer 5

trypanosomes

Question 5

How does a virus obtain its envelope?

Answer 5

it is derived from the eukaryotic cell membrane, typically through budding

Question 6

Define tropism.

Answer 6

range of tissues or cells a virus can infect in a given host

Question 7

What is the difference between chronic and latent infection?

Answer 7

chronic infections have continuous symptoms and pathogen replication while latent infections are characterized by periods where there are no symptoms, and the pathogen is not actively replicating

Question 8

Is a prion a living organism?

Answer 8

no, a prion is a mutated, misfolded protein

Question 9

What is a bacteriophage?

Answer 9

a virus that infects bacterial cells

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the lac operon repressor protein when glucose is present, and lactose is absent?

Answer 10

the repressor is active and bound to the operator region

Question 11

True or False. DNA polymerase III binds to promoter regions and transcribes RNA using DNA as a template.

Answer 11

false

Question 12

The process of __________ is where an organism takes in naked DNA from the environment.

Answer 12

transformation

Question 13

A __________ mutation will result in the change of the original amino acid to a new, different amino acid.

Answer 13

missense mutation

Question 14

Why is DNA polymerase from a thermophilic bacteria needed for PCR?

Answer 14

the heat would inactivate or destroy DNA polymerase from other organisms

Question 15

What are restriction enzymes?

Answer 15

enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences generating blunt or sticky ends

Question 16

What is the role of guide RNA in CRISPR/Cas systems?

Answer 16

binds to specific target DNA sequence prior to cutting by Cas proteins

Question 17

If you accidentally flipped the current running through a gel during electrophoresis, what would happen to your DNA?

Answer 17

the DNA would run up (and out) of the gel instead of down the length of the gel

Question 18

Which region of a freshwater lake would have the highest abundance of obligate anaerobes and methanogens?

Answer 18

benthic zone

Question 19

What is the technical name for the organic material found in topsoil?

Answer 19

humus

Question 20

How did the “dead” zone in the Gulf of Mexico form?

Answer 20

industrial and agricultural waste caused increase in microbial populations, eventually leading to depletion of oxygen creating an environment that could not support many types of aquatic life

Question 21

True or False. Eutrophs are organisms that can survive on relatively low nutrient abundance.

Answer 21

false

Question 22

What is the RNA World hypothesis?

Answer 22

The idea that early life used RNA as both genetic material and enzymes without the need for DNA or extensive protein involvement.