Microbiology Flashcards
What organism causes UTI and is associated with urinary stones
Proteus mirabilis
What organisms cause UTI and are frequently found in hospital acquired UTI because of their resistance to antibiotics
Klebsiella
Enterobacter
Serratia spp.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
What organism causes UTI in young sexually active females
Staph saprophyticus
What organisms cause UTI in hospitalized patients (esp. with AIDs) where multiple antibiotic resistance can cause treatment difficulties
Staph epidermidis
Enterococcus spp
What organisms cause UTI but from hematogenous spread not from urethra species
Salmonella typhi
Staph aureus
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
What viruses are involved in hemorrhagic cystitis
Human polyomaviruses, JC and BK CMV and rubella Adenovirus Hantavirus Mumps and HIV
How do Schistosoma haematobium infect humans
Snails release them into water
Penetrate the host skin when they enter infected water
Mature in the lung and then go into the bladder veins
Females lay egg and the eggs move across the bladder wall
What does penetration by Schistosoma cause
Dermatitis
What are some symptoms of Schistosoma
Fever, eosinophilia, lymphadenopathy, spleno-hepatomegaly, diarrhea
What can happen to the eggs of Schistosoma when they’re in the bladder wall
Can cause hemorrhage
Walled by granulomas and can calcify
What virulence factor of E. coli allows for recurrent infections in certain women
What does it cause and how does it work
Capsular acid polysaccharide (K) antigens
Causes pyelonephritis
Resist host defenses by inhibition phagocytosis
How does Proteus mirabilis cause kidney stones
Produces urease
Acts on urea to produce ammonia, making the urine alkaline
What is significant bacteriuria
Urine specimen with over 10^5 organisms/mL
What does infected urine show
Only a single bacterial species
What does contaminated urine show
< 104 organisms/mL and often contains more than one bacterial species
