Microbiology

Question 1

What are the necessary precautions for BIOSAFETY CABINET LEVEL 1?

Answer 1

Standard microbiological practices
No special equipment needed

Question 2

What are the necessary precautions for BIOSAFETY CABINET LEVEL 2?

Answer 2

1. PPE must be worn.
2. Autoclave must be available.
3. Limited access.

NOTE: Most microbiology labs fall under this category.

Question 3

What are the necessary precautions for BIOSAFETY CABINET LEVEL 3?

Answer 3

1. PPE must be worn.
2. Autoclave must be available.
3. Limited access.
4. Negative air flow.
5. Sealed windows.

Question 4

What are the necessary precautions for BIOSAFETY CABINET LEVEL 4?

Answer 4

1. Full-body, air-supplied positive pressure suit.
2. Independent unit with specialized ventilation and waste management.

Question 5

Give some examples of agent that can be isolated in BIOSAFETY level 2

Answer 5

E. coli, Salmonella, HIV, HBV, Influenza

Question 6

Give some examples of agent that can be isolated in BIOSAFETY level 3

Answer 6

Bacillus anthracis, Francisella, Brucella, MTB, Rickettsia rickettsii, Coxiella burnetii, mold stages of systemic fungi.

Question 7

Give some examples of agent that can be isolated in BIOSAFETY level 4

Answer 7

Ebola virus, Lassa virus, organisms that causes hemorrhagic fevers.

Question 8

What BIOSAFETY level may cause serious or lethal disease via inhalation?

Answer 8

BIOSAFETY level 3

Question 9

What BIOSAFETY level can the common human pathogens be seen?

Answer 9

BIOSAFETY level 2

Question 10

It is the most practical and dependable method of sterilization and disinfection.

Answer 10

Autoclave

Question 11

When using an autoclave for sterilization, what are the set conditions needed for it to be effective?

Answer 11

15lb of pressure for 15 minutes at 121 degree celcius.

Question 12

It is the most RELIABLE form of sterilization and disinfection.

Answer 12

Temperature

Question 13

It is used to sterilized inoculating loops & biomedical wastes.

Answer 13

Incineration

Question 14

It is used to sterilize liquids that are thermolabile (e.g., urea broth). HEPA air filters are used in BSC.

Answer 14

Filtration

Question 15

Form of sterilization and disinfection that uses UV light. It is used in BSC.

Answer 15

Radiation

Question 16

It is a form of gas that is used for sterilization and disinfection. It is widely used in hospitals to sterilize materials that can’t withstand steam.

Answer 16

Ethylene oxide

Question 17

Fill in the blanks:

EXOTOXIN

Produced by: _____
Location in cell: ____
Composition: ____
Effect: ____
Toxicity: ____
Stability to heating: ____
Antigenicity: ____
Stimulates antitoxin productions? ____
Converted to toxoids? ____

Answer 17

Fill in the blanks:

EXOTOXIN

Produced by: Gram positive
Location in cell: Within or Without
Composition: ____
Effect: ____
Toxicity: ____
Stability to heating: ____
Antigenicity: ____
Stimulates antitoxin productions? ____
Converted to toxoids? ____

Question 18

Give the Specimen Collection Guidelines.

Answer 18

1. Obtain during acute phase of infection (within 2-3 days for viruses)
2. Collect before antibiotics are administered.
3. Sample appropriate site.
4. Obtain sufficient quantity.
5. Use sterile, leak-proof container.
6. Properly label container, not the lid.
7. As pirates or tissues are preferred to swabs.
8. Use swabs with Dacron or polyester tips & plastic shafts. Wood, cotton, & calcium alginate may be toxic.
9. For anaerobes, aspirates preferred to swabs.
10. Avoid contamination with environmental or normal flora.
11. Transport in secondary container (plastic bag) marked with biohazard symbol.
12. Protect requisition from contamination.
13. Syringes with needles attached should never be transported.
14. Deliver to lab within 30 mins of collection.
15. For prolonged transit, use special preservatives or holding media.