Microbiology

Question 1

What is the culture media for E . histolytica ? name isoenzyme test

Answer 1

Dr. Bohlov Medium and nutrient agar with E coli
Zymodyme test

Question 2

Culture media for T. vaginalis

Answer 2

CPLM agar ( cysteine peptone liver maltose)
PEM ( plastic envelope media)

Question 3

vector, infective stage C/Fs and Rx of different sleeping sickness

Answer 3

American(cruzi) =reduid bug , metacyclic trypomastigote , chagas disease and romana sign
Nifortimox
african(bruzei) = tse tse fly ,MT ,winter bottom sign and VSG
Suramin

Question 4

mcc of refractory diarrhoea in PL HIV and Rx

Answer 4

C . parvum
Rx- Nitazoxanide + Iv fluids
for other 2 - TMPSMX

Question 5

malaria type with longest IP
Type of dot in it
special feature

Answer 5

P. malariae
zeimann dot
a/w- nephrotic syndrome
pbs = band form seen

Question 6

how is H nana egg different from that of Taenia

Answer 6

1)Non bile stained
2) floats in NS
3) has yolk granules and Polar filaments(helps differentiate from H dimunita)

Question 7

Dx , free living and infective stages of D latum. which other organism cause the pathology that we see with it ?

Answer 7

Dx stage - operculated egg in human stool —>coracodium in water—>procercoid larvae in cyclops—>plerocercoid larvae in fish = infective to human on consumption
C/F - megaloblastic anemia also seen with giardia

Question 8

Imaging finding of S. mansoni infection

Answer 8

periportal hepatic fibrosis leading to symmers pipe stem/claypipe stem fibrosis which causes portal HTN

Question 9

parasite with MoT of skin penetration and clinical presentation of it

Answer 9

1)schistosoma - bifid tail cercariae-swimmer’s itch/cercariael dermatitis
2) ancylostoma- filariform larvae- ground itch/ancylostoma dermatitis
3)strongyloides- filariform larvae - urticaria and larva currens
4)entrobius - retrograde infection by egg hatched on perianal skin - pruritis ani

Question 10

hookworm egg and when it is a public health concern

Answer 10

+non bile stained and floats in ns
+embryo has four blastomeres
+considered a public health concerned when chandler’s index is more than 300

Question 11

special features of strongyloides

Answer 11

+concentration of larva by bearmann technique and culture of larvae in scarcity by charcoal culture known as hardomori culture
+perianal penetration by larvae leads to auto infection
+HIV patients have disseminated strongyloidosis and most common cause of death is septicemia
+shows parthenogenecity and female are ovo viviparous
+treatment is Ivermectin

Question 12

parasite which is mcc of myocarditis

Answer 12

due to trichinella spiralis leading to easoniphilic myocarditis and not due to larval invasion

Question 13

ent. vermicularis common name, MoT and C/Fs

Answer 13

1) pinworm , seatworm
2)a)feco oral- ingestion of egg
b)auto infection - anal scratching egg in nail = food contamination
c)retro infection - egg hatches on and penetrates peri anal skin
3) pruritis ani and appendicitis

Question 14

egg of ent. vermicularis

Answer 14

+non bile stained
+ floats in NS
+planoconvex with tadpole like larvae inside it.
+demonstration by -
a) NIH swab
b) scotch tape test

Question 15

trichuris trichura common name ,C/Fs

Answer 15

+whipworm - ant end thin and embedded into intestine and post end is coiled(male) or arched(female)
+children- rectal prolapse= coconut cake rectum
+adult - d/t blood leaking in stool = whipworm dysentery and IDA( not due to blood ingestion as seen in hookworm)

Question 16

egg of trichuris(whipworm)

Answer 16

+bile stained
+floats in NS
+ barrel shaped with mucous plugs on both ends
+ undergoes embryonation in soil and only then becomes infective

Question 17

vector ,sheath and Doc of tissue nematodes

Answer 17

1) wuchereria -culex- sheathed with no nuclei at tip-DEC
2) brugiya - mansonia - sheathed with 2 nuclei at tip-DEC
3)loa loa(african eye worm)- deer/mango/crychops fly- sheathed and full of nuclei-DEC
4)onchocerca(african river blindness) - simuliam/black fly - unsheathed with no nuclei at tip-Ivermectin
5)dranculculas - cyclops-metronidazole

Question 18

peculiar feature of each type of meningitis
time period to call chronic

Answer 18

Fungal- ⬆️⬆️⬆️ opening pressure
bacterial- ⬇️⬇️⬇️glucose and PMNL
Viral- aseptic since all parameters except cell counts almost normal
tubercular- cob web coagulum with max ⬇️⬇️⬇️ in chloride
+>4 weeks = chronic

Question 19

ideal amount of csf specimen and order of collection how to keep and why
special type of staining

Answer 19

+5-10 ml
+ since h’hagic tap will effect cell count but not glucose or protein levels,1st is biochem and last is patho sample
+all can be refrigerated except the tube to be cultured since freeze sensitive
+since very minimal sample- heaped up method to ⬆️ concentration of bacteria without making smear

Question 20

ideal amount of csf specimen and order of collection how to keep and why
special type of staining

Answer 20

+5-10 ml
+ since h’hagic tap will effect cell count but not glucose or protein levels,1st is biochem and last is patho sample
+all can be refrigerated except the tube to be cultured since freeze sensitive
+since very minimal sample- heaped up method to ⬆️ concentration of bacteria without making smear

Question 21

1)DDx watery diarrhoea with vomiting and fever?(5)
2)Bloody diarrhoea with fever but without vomiting (3 and 1)

Answer 21

1) +mcc children = Rotavirus
+ Norwalk virus
+V Parahemolyticus
+S tyPhi
+ ePec
2) based on pus cells:
A] +nt = C jejuni , shigella , Cl difficile
B] -nt = Y enterocolitica

Question 22

Pathogen a/w oyster , seafood and dairy poisoning

Answer 22

1) oyster - vibrio and Calcivirus
2)Seafood - “ and aStrovirus
3) Dairy- C jejuni , salmonella , S aureus

Question 23

causative agent of pneumonia if H/O
travel to southeast Asia , southwestern usa,bird dropping exposure or rabbit

Answer 23

i) SE asia - Burkholderia pseudomallei
ii)SW Usa - a)Coccidiodes imitis
b) Hantavirus
iii) bird dropping - C. psittaci (parrot fever)
iv) rabbit - francisella tularensis(rabbit fever)

Question 24

different endocarditis mcc

Answer 24

i)overall - S aureus
+NATIVE VALVE
i) Acute - S aureus
ii)subacute-S viridans
iii) ivdu - a)right side- S aureus
b)left side- Enterococcus
+PROSTHETIC VALVE
i)early(<1yr)- S. epidermidis(also overall for prosthetic valves)
ii)late(>1yr)-S. viridans

+MYCOTIC endocarditis= Aspergillus

Question 25

causative agent for
+culture negative IE
+IE in Colon Ca pt
+HACEK grp

Answer 25

i)coxiella burnetti(even single culture or serology taken as major criteria)
ii)S bovis (grp D strepto)
iii)H- H aprophilus and parainfluenza
A- Actinomycetem comitans
C-cardiobacterium hominis
E- eikinella corrodans
K-kingiella kingae

Question 26

+mcc of myocarditis
+virus causing myocarditis but not pericarditis(all others common)

Answer 26

+coxsachie B virus
+ includes-
i)Measles, Rubella
ii)Rabies
iii)Dengue, Yellow fever
iv)Junin , machupo(H’hagic fevers)
v)parvovirus

Question 27

agent for osteomyelitis in
i)cat/dog bite
ii)SCA

Answer 27

i)pastuerella multocida
ii)salmonella