Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Essentials of clinical lab > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is Clinical Microbiology?

A

-is the in vitro diagnosis of diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites
-identified by culture, microscopy, biochemical, and genetic analyses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three I’s of clinical microbiology?

A
  1. Isolate: select and differentiate by culture
  2. Identify: based on visual analysis, nutritional demands, and preferred environment, target sequences in the case of PCR
  3. Interpret: sensitivities and/ or resistance to drug therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

specimen setup

A
  • keep requisition orders and specimens together and work with one at a time
    -check that names on orders match your printed labels
    -see that requested tests were ordered correctly by the log-in staff
    -be sure that all tests requested have an appropriate specimen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

requisition subtleties

A

-many tests have a variety of pseudonyms (ex: fungal stain, calcofluor, KOH)
-be aware, specimens are frequently shared

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the three biosafety cabinets

A
  1. Class I
  2. Class II A
  3. Class III
    * class I and class II A are the most common hoods used in clinical micro
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Class I Biosafety cabinet

A

-hoods provide a protected workspace for the workup of specimens such as urines and exudates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Class II A biosafety cabinet

A

-hoods provide a sterile environment for the workup of specimens incl. deep tissue and fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Class III biosafety cabinet

A

-hoods offer maximum protection for high-risk work involving BSL 3 and 4 agents such as MTB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What to know about biosafety cabinets: Class I

A

-negative pressure, ventilated cabinet usually with an open front
-minimum face velocity at work opening is 75 linear ft/min
-air leaving the cabinet is HEPA filtered back into the lab or outside
-can contain mixers and other equipment
-not optimal for work with sterile specimens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What to know about biosafety cabinets: Class II A

A

-inward airflow at work opening is 75-100 linear ft/min to protect personnel
-HEPA-filtered vertical laminar airflow for specimen protection
-air leaving the cabinet is HEPA filtered back into the lab or outside
-can contain mixers and other equipment
-highly recommended for work with sterile specimens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What to know about biosafety cabinets: Class III

A

-completely enclosed and gas-tight
-work inside the cabinet is conducted using the attached rubber gloves
-supply and exhaust air is multiplied HEPA-filtered into the lab or outside
-maximum protection for personnel, specimens, and environment
-necessary work with biosafety level 3 and 4 specimens, other hazardous agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

major anatomical categories

A
  • sterile sites (incl. organs, bone, fluids)
    -exudate sites (non-sterile incl. wounds, drainage, and sites with normal flora incl. skin, mouth)
    -throat
    -respiratory (includes sputum, BAL)
    -urogenital (includes cervix, urethra)
    -urine (includes voided, ileal loop, catheter, etc.)
    -stool
    -surveillance (MRSA, VRE, ESBL, and CRE)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Blood agar (BAP)

A

-aerobic media
-nonselective, grows most except Haemophilus sp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Chocolate (Choc)

A

-aerobic media
-nonselective but excellent for Haemophilus sp. and Neisseria sp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

MacConkey (MAC)

A

-aerobic media
-selective for gram neg bacilli, differential for lactose fermentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Buffered charcoal yeast extract (BCYE)

A

-aerobic media
-selective for Legionella sp., good for Nocardia sp.

17
Q

selective strep agar (SSA)

A

-aerobic media
-suppresses normal flora for selective recovery of Group A strep

18
Q

Martin-Lewis (ML/J)

A

-aerobic media
-highly selective for Neisseria gonorrhea

19
Q

MacConkey Sorbitol (SMAC)

A

-aerobic media
-selective for gram neg bacilli, differential for E.coli 0157:H7

20
Q

Chrome MRSA agar (CHROM)

A

-selective and differential for methicillin-resistant (oxacillin-resistant) Staph. aureus

21
Q

CIN

A

-aerobic media
-selective for Yersinia sp.

22
Q

Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Sats Sucrose (TCBS)

A

-aerobic media
-selective for Vibio cholera and parahaemolyticus

23
Q

Hektoen enteric (HE)

A
  • aerobic media
    -inhibits all gram pos bacteria and some gram neg bacilli excellent for salmonella sp. and shigella sp.
24
Q

colistin naladixic acid (CNA)

A

-aerobic media
-selective for gram-positive organisms

25
Q

Regan-Lowe (RL)

A

-aerobic media
-selective for bordtella pertussis

26
Q

Mannitol salt agar (MANN)

A

-aerobic media
-selective and differential for Staph aureus

27
Q

Pseudomonas cepacia agar (PCA)

A

-aerobic media
-selective for Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia

28
Q

Gram-negative (GN) Media

A

-a type of aerobic media broth
-inhibits gram-pos organisms and enriches gram-neg organisms

29
Q

Todd/Hewit/LIM (THB/LIM) Media

A

-a type of aerobic media broth
-enriches the growth of group B Streptococcus sp.

30
Q

Thioglycollate (THIO) Media

A

-a type of aerobic media broth
-acts as a gradient environment in which aerobes grow near the surface and anaerobes grow near the bottom

31
Q

Media per category

A
  1. Sterile sites: a combination of BAP, CHOC, MAC, and BROTH
  2. Exudate sites: BAP and MAC
  3. Throat: struck to SSA, selective for Strep species
  4. Respiratory: always get ML/J
  5. Urine: struck to BAP and MAC, avail. as bi-plate
  6. Stool: struck to HEK, Campy, MAC, BAP, SORB, GN
  7. Surveillance: CHROM for MRSA/ESBL and Campy for VRE, and Broth with antibiotic for CRE
32
Q

Proper Media Storage

A

-agar plates are stored in stacks lid-side down to prevent condensation on the agar
-agar slants with fluid inoculum are stored on angled racks which allow even absorption of inoculum on the agar face
-other agar tubes, gels, and broths are stored upright in racks

33
Q

Processing and Plating

A

-it is important to sample the part of the specimen that is the best representative of the infection (sloughed, discolored, goopy parts)
-tissue and hard/fibrous specimens must be first homogenized with either a mortar/pestle or a grinder

Essentials of clinical lab (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions