Microbiology

Question 1

What are the 4 processes that occur in Septicaemia

Answer 1

1) Capillary Leak- Albumin and other plasma proteins leads to hypovolaemia
2) Coagulopathy- leads to bleeding and Thrombosis, Endothelial injury results in Platelet Release reactions, the Protein C pathway and plasma anticoagulants are affected
3) Metabolic Derangement- particularly Acidosis
4) Myocardial failure and multi-organ failure

Question 2

Describe the staining type/result and appearance for the following microorganisms:
1) S.pneumoniae
2) N.meningitides
3) L.monocytogenes
3)TB
5) Cryptococcus

Answer 2

1) Gram positive, alpha-haemolytic, diplococci
2) gram negative, non-haemolytic, diplococci
3) gram positive, rods
4) ziehl-Nielsen stain positive- red and blue
5) India ink positive, yeast cell surrounded by orbit of capsule

Question 3

What are the specific antimicrobial treatments for meningitis from the following organisms:
1) Group B Strep
2) Streptococcus pneumoniae
3) Listeria monocytogenes
4) Gram negative bacilli (rods)
5) Hemophilus influenzae
6) Neisseria meningitides
7) Psedomonas aeruginosa

Answer 3

1) Group B Strep
Penicillin G, IV, 18-24 mu/day

2) Streptococcus pneumoniae
Penicillin G, IV, 18-24 mu/day

3) Listeria monocytogenes (G+ rods)
Ampicillin 12g/day

4) Gram negative bacilli (rods)
Cefotaxime 12g/day

5) Hemophilus influenzae (G- coccobacilli)
Cefotaxime 12g/day

6) Neisseria meningitides
Ceftriaxone 4g/day

7) Psedomonas aeruginosa
Mirapenem 6g/day