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Biology Grade 11 > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of Microorganism (Microbe)

A

Organisms to small to be seen by the naked eye.

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2
Q

Definition of Microbiologist

A

A scientist who studies microbiology

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3
Q

Definition of Microbiology

A

Study of Micro-organisms

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4
Q

Definition of SI unit

A

Standard units of measurement defined by the International System of Units

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5
Q

What is the smallest micro-organisms?

A

Viruses

20 - 100nm

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6
Q

What is the largest micro-organisms? And size?

A

Protista and Fungi

10um - 100um

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7
Q

Bacteria size

A

1um - 5um

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8
Q

Definition of Binary Fission

A

Asexual reproduction of a single cell in which it divides by mitosis

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9
Q

Definition of Unicellular

A

An organism consisting of only one cell

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10
Q

Definition of Multicellular

A

An organism made up of many cells

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11
Q

Definition of Nucleus

A

An organelle present in eukaryotic cells, contains genetic material

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12
Q

Definition of Organelles

A

A sub-cellular structure that has a specific job to perform in a cell

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13
Q

Definition of Phylogenetic tree

A

A diagram that depicts the line of evolutionary descent of organisms.

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14
Q

Acellular

A

Non-cellular

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15
Q

Prokaryotes Characteristics

A
  • No true nucleus
  • DNA is not enclosed by a nuclear membrane
  • Cell division through binary fission
  • Absent membrane bound organelles
  • 2 main groups: Bacteria & Archae Bacteria
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16
Q

Eukaryotes Characteristics

A
  • True nucleus
  • DNA is enclosed by nuclear membrane
  • Cell division by mitosis
  • Membrane bound organelles in cytoplasm
  • 4 Kingdoms: Plant, Animal, Fungi, Protista
17
Q

What are the characteristics of life?

A

(MRS GREN)

Movement
Respiration
Response to stimuli
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition
18
Q

Definition of Host

A

An organism that harbours a parasite.

19
Q

Definition of Nucleoid

A

Region within the cell of a prokaryote

20
Q

Definition of Pathogen

A

A microorganism that causes diseases

21
Q

What does obligate intracellular parasites mean?

A

They cannot multiply without infecting living cells/hosts

22
Q

Definition of Capsid

A

The protein coat surrounding the nucleic material of a virus.

23
Q

Definition of Bacteriophage

A

A virus that infects bacteria.

24
Q

Definition of Envelope (virus)

A

A bubble of lipid surrounding a virus, from the previous host’s cell membrane.

25
Q

Characteristics of a Virus

A
  • Obligate intracellular parasites
  • Host specific
  • Pathogens
  • Not considered living, they only reproduce in a living host cell
  • If a virus cannot find a host, becomes dormant
26
Q

Structure of a Virus

A
  • Acellular
  • Virus surrounded by a bubble of lipid (envelope)
  • Core of nucleic acid enclosed by a protein coat (capsid)
27
Q

Shapes of Viruses

A
  • Rod-shaped
  • Spherical
  • Complex/phage (bacteriophage)
28
Q

Examples of Viruses

A
  • HIV/AIDS
  • Herpes
  • Influenza
  • Covid-19
  • Chickenpox
29
Q

Definition of Autotrophic

A

Organisms that synthesize its own food

30
Q

Definition of Heterotrophic

A

Organism that sources their food from its environment

31
Q

Definition of Saprotrophic

A

Organisms that feed on dead organic matter

32
Q

Definition of Flagella

A

Whip-like protruding filaments help cell/organism move

singular - flagellum

33
Q

Characteristics of Bacteria

A
  • Kingdom: Monera
  • Majority heterotrophs
  • Feeding forms:
    • Heterotrophs (parasitic/mutualistic)
    • Saprotrophic
    • Autotrophic (photosynthesis/chemosynthesis)
  • Asexual reproduction: binary fission
34
Q

Structure of Bacteria

A
  • Unicellular, join together in filaments/colonies
  • Have cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm with ribosomes, circular DNA strands
  • No organelles & nucleus
  • Prokaryote
  • Some have flagella (to move in liquid)
35
Q

Shapes of Bacteria

A
  • Rod-shaped (s: Bacillus, p: Bacilli)
  • Spherical/round (s: Coccus, p: Cocci)
  • Spiral-shaped (s: Spirillum, p: Spirilla)
  • Comma-shaped (s: Vibrio, p: Vibrios)

Biology Grade 11 (1 decks)

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