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USMLE/COMLEX > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Vibrio Cholerae Transmission

A

Contaminated water; Undercooked seafood (raw shellfish)

** Fecal oral transmission

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2
Q

Characteristics of Vibrio Cholerae

A

1) Curved (comma shaped)
2) Polar Flagella
3) Grows in alkaline media –> acid labile –> Large infectious dose
4) Oxidase Positive

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3
Q

Virulence Factor of Vibrio Cholerae

A

Cholera Toxin (enterotoxin)

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4
Q

Characteristic Diarrhea

A

Rice Water Diarrhea

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5
Q

Vibrio Cholerae Treatment

A

Fluoroquinolones and Oral rehydration w/ electrolytes

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6
Q

Diagnosis of Vibrio Cholerae

A

Dipstick (rapid initial test)

Stool culture = confirmatory

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7
Q

Vibrio Cholerae MOA

A

1) Fimbriae attaches to ganglioside receptors in intestinal wall then secretes cholera toxin
2) Increased cAMP via Gs pathway –> Increased Cl- secretion into lumen via CFTR

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8
Q

Campylobacter Jejuni Reservoir

A

1) Poultry, unpasteurized milk

2) Contact with infected persons or infected animal

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9
Q

Characteristics of Campylobacter Jejuni

A

1) Curved gram - rod w/ polar flagellum
2) Grows in heat
3) Oxidase +

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10
Q

Virulence Factor Campylobacter Jejuni

A

1) Motility
2) Adherence
3) Toxin Production (Cytolethal distending toxin)
4) Invasion (Dysentery)

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11
Q

Diseases Caused by Campylobacter Jejuni

A

1) Enterocolitis (Bloody diarrhea due to invasion)
2) Enteric Fever
3) Reactive Arthritis
4) Guillain-Barre Syndrome
5) Erythema Nodosum

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12
Q

Describe Enteric Fever

A

Systemic infection associated with abdominal pain and fever

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13
Q

HLA B27 is associated with arthritis, conjunctivitis, and urethritis. This is known as ….

A

1) Reactive Arthritis

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14
Q

Which bacteria are associated with Reactive Arthritis

A

1) Shigella
2) Yersinia
3) Salmonella
4) Campylobacter
5) Chlamydia

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15
Q

Guillain-Barre Syndrome is commonly seen in ____ infection.

A

Campylobacter Jejuni

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16
Q

Describe Guillain-Barre Syndrome

A

Ascending Paralysis that starts are hands and feet

  • absent or depressed deep tendon reflexes
  • severe respiratory weakness
17
Q

Treatment for Guillain-Barre Syndrome

A

1) Plasma Exchange

2) IVIG

18
Q

Antibiotic for Camp. Jejuni

A

Macrolides (Erythromycin)

19
Q

Reservoir for Shigella

A

Humans

20
Q

Characteristics of Shigella

A

1) M Cell invasion via phagocytosis and evades phagolysosome
2) Uses host cell’s actin cytoskeleton to propel from cell to cell
3) resistant to Gastric Acid –> Low infectious dose

21
Q

Virulence of Shigella

A

Shiga Toxin (Exotoxin)

22
Q

MOA of Shiga Toxin

A

Inhibits 60 ribosome via cleavage of adenine in rRNA

23
Q

Disease caused by Shigella

A

1) Shigellosis (Watery Diarrhea –> Bloody Diarrhea) and Enteric Fever
2) Reactive Arthritis
3) HUS (Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome) due to Shiga Toxin
4) Toxic Megacolon

24
Q

Shigella Treatment

A

1) Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin)
2) 3rd generation Cephalosporin (Ceftriaxone)

*Antidiarrheal prolong disease

25
Q

Salmonella Non-Typhoidal Reservoir

A

1) Animals

2) Products (reptiles, poultry, pets, eggs)

26
Q

Salmonella Non-Typhoidal Characteristics

A

1) Acid Labile
2) H2S (all motile enteric bacteria)
- Black colonies on nectar agar plate
3) Encapsulated

27
Q

Virulence of Salmonella Non-typhoidal

A

Flagellar Motility and Endotoxin (Lipopolysaccharide)

28
Q

Disease of Salmonella Non-Typhoidal

A

Salmonellosis (Gastroenteritis and Food Poisoning)

- Watery-bloody diarrhea, fever, chills, myalgia, and severe vomiting

29
Q

Salmonellosis typically effect what GI sites

A

1) Colon

2) Small Intestines

30
Q

Shigellosis causes bloody diarrhea and commonly affects ___ and ___.

A

1) Left Colon

2) Ileum

31
Q

Enteric (Typhoid) Fever Affects which area of the GI

A

Small Intestines

32
Q

Complication that is associated with Salmonellosis

A

1) Sepsis

2) Abscess

33
Q

Population Salmonella Non-Typhoidal

A

Young Children and Older Adults (Summer and Fall)

34
Q

Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphoid Reservoir

A

Humans

35
Q

Characteristics of Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi

A

1) Highly infectious dose required –> not resistant against gastric acid
2) Hematogenous dissemination is possible
3) Produces H2S
4) Immune response primarily via monocytes

36
Q

Virulence of Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi

A

1) Flagellar Motility
2) Vi Capsule:
- Evasion of neutrophil phagocytosis
- Inhibits complement activates

37
Q

Disease caused by Salmonella Typhi

A

1) Typhoid Fever and Paratyphoid Fever (Enteric Fever)
- rose colored macules: Erythematous maculopapular rash
- bloody diarrhea followed by short asymptomatic phase –> bacteremia and fever w/ flu like symptoms

USMLE/COMLEX (2 decks)

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